EJB开发第二期---开发具有本地接口的无状态Bean

于 2015-03-16 13:48:29 发布
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一、EJB中的bean

1.1 EJB中bean分类

会话bean(session bean)

负责与客户端交互，是编写业务逻辑的地方，在会话bean中可以通过jdbc直接操作数据库，但大多数情况下都是通过实体bean来完成对数据库的操作。

实体bean(entity bean)

它实际上属于java持久化规范(简称JPA)里的技术，JPA的出现主要是为了简化现有的持久化开发工作和整合ORM技术，结束现在Hibernate、TopLink等ORM框架各自为营的局面。

消息驱动bean(message-driven bean)

它是专门用于异步处理java消息的组件，具有处理大量并发消息的能力。

1.2会话bean

无状态会话bean

平常，我们使用最多的是无状态bean，因为它的bean实例可供多个用户使用，所以它的性能比有状态bean高。正因为一个bean实例被多个用户使用，那么，前一个用户设置的值有可能被后一个用户所修改，所以它无法正确保存某个用户设置的值，因此是无状态的。

有状态会话bean

有状态bean平常使用的并不多，因为它的一个bean实例只供一个用户使用，所以性能开销比较大，正因为它的实例只被一个用户使用，用户为它设置的值是不会被其他用户修改，所以可以正确保存用户设置的值,因此是有状态的。

二、开发无状态会话bean

2.1 开发工具

IDE工具：Eclipse Java EE IDE for Web Developers Version: Indigo Service Release 2

JBoss服务器：jboss-4.2.3.GA

JDK：JDK-1.6

打包工具：Ant

EJB依赖jar包：jboss安装路径的client目录下所有Jar文件以及javaee.jar

2.2 开发无状态会话bean

在开发前，先熟悉一下无状态会话bean的调用流程图，如下图所示。

01. 浏览器请求Test.jsp文件。

02. 应用服务器的JSP引掣编译Test.jsp。

03. Tast.jsp通过JNDI查找获得HelIoWorld EJB的存根对象，然后调用SayHello{)方法，EJB容器截获到方法调用。

04. EJB容器调用HeIIoWorld实例的SayHello()方法 。

05. 返回客户端浏览器。

2.3 开发步骤

无状态会话bean的开发步骤如下：

(1) 定义一个包含业务方法的接口

这个接口不需要包含任何注释，它是一个普通的Java接口。调用EJB的客户端，使用这个接口引用从EJB容器返回的存根( stub)。代码如下：

package ejb3Hello;

public interface HelloWorld {

    public String SayHello(String name);

}

(2) 编写Bean class

HeIIoWorldBean.java。Bean类推荐的命名方式是"接口+Bean"，如HeIIoWorldBean。代码如下：

package ejb3Hello.impl;

import ejb3Hello.HelloWorld;

import javax.ejb.Remote;

import javax.ejb.Stateless;

@Stateless

@Remote({HelloWorld.class})

public class HelloWorldBean implements HelloWorld{

    @Override

    public String SayHello(String name) {        

        return name+"say:hello,this is my first EJB3.0.";

    }

}

在Bean类上面有两个注释@Stateless和@Remote，@Stateless注释指明这是一个无状态会话Bean。@Stateless注释的定义如下：

Package javax.ejb;

@Target(TYPE) @Retention(RUNTIME)

public @interface Stateless {

String name() default "";

String mappedName() default "";

}

name()属性用于指定Session Bean的EJB名称。该名称在EJB Jar包中必须是全局唯一的，而在EAR中却可以重复，因为EAR可以包含多个EJB JAR，而每个JAR可以存在一个同名的EJB。在EAR中要定位某个EJB，可以这样使用：xxx.jar#HeIloWorldBean。如果不指定该属性，默认就是Bean class的非限定名称。对本例而言，EJB名称默认为HeIIoWorldBean。

mappedName()属性指定Bean的全局JNDI名称，这个属性在WebLogic、Sun应用服务器和glassfish起作用。

@Remote注释指定这个无状态Bean的remote接口。Bean类可以具有多个remote接口，每个接口之间用逗号分隔，如：@Remote({HeIIoWorld.class，Hello.class，World.class})。

如果只有一个接口，则可以省略大括号，对于本例而言，可以写成这样：@Remote(HeIloWorld.class)。

经过上面两步，一个HeIloWorld EJB就开发完了。现在将它发布到JBoss中。在发布前需要把它打成JAR色。打包JAR的方法有很多，如使用jar命令、集成开发工具或者Ant。下面介绍两种常用的打包方式：Eclipse打包向导和Ant打包。

三、EJB任务打包

3.1 Jar命令打包

jar命令打包比较简单，进入要被打包的文件根目录中，比如被打包程序的目录结构如下：

|---D:\webapp

|---Test.jsp

|--- WEB-INF

|---web.xml

可以进入到D:\webapp目录下，执行如下命令：

jar cvf EJBTest.jar war *

此命令将把Web应用的根目录下的所有文件打包成EJBTest.war文件，参数一:表示打包方式，参数二：表示打包后的文件名，参数三：表示文件类型。打包后的文件内容如下：

3.2 Eclipse打包

步骤一：选择打包程序右键或单击Flile菜单，如下图所示。

步骤二：选择Export选项，如下图所示，同时选择打包的类型：jar文件，填写文件路径及文件名。

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