golang 设计模式-Creational

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-16 16:24:06 发布

後雪寒

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-16 16:24:06 发布

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分类专栏：设计模式文章标签：设计模式 go golang 创建型 Creational

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/houxuehan/article/details/118365545

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本文介绍了Go（Golang）语言中的五种创建型设计模式：Singleton、Builder、Factory Method、Abstract Factory和Prototype。Singleton确保了程序中只有一个实例；Builder模式用于构建复杂对象，允许分离对象的构建过程和表示；Factory Method将对象的创建委托给子类；Abstract Factory则提供了一组工厂来创建相关对象家族；Prototype模式允许在运行时复制已有对象，减少创建新对象的开销。每个模式都配有示例和测试用例。

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创建型模式：Singleton、Builder、Factory Method、Abstract Factory、Prototype

Singleton 单例设计模式

having a unique instance of a type in the entire program
在整个程序中只具有某一类型的唯一实例

示例：唯一的计数器

package creational
type singleton struct {
   
	count int
}

var instance *singleton

func GetInstance() *singleton {
   
	if instance == nil {
   
		instance = new(singleton)
	}
	return new(singleton)
}
func (s *singleton) AddOne() int {
   
	s.count++
	return s.count
}

测例 go test -v ./patterns/creational -cover

package creational
import (
	"testing"
)

func Test_singleton_AddOne(t *testing.T) {
   
	c1 := GetInstance()
	currentCount := c1.AddOne()
	if currentCount != 1 {
   
		t.Errorf("After calling for the first time to count, the count must be1 but it is %d\n", currentCount)
	}
	c2 := GetInstance()
	currentCount = c2.AddOne()
	if currentCount != 2 {
   
		t.Errorf("After calling 'AddOne' using the second counter, the currentcount must be 2 but was %d\n", currentCount)
	}
}

func TestGetInstance(t *testing.T) {
   
	c1 := GetInstance()
	c2 := GetInstance()
	if c1 == nil || c2 == nil {
   
		t.Errorf("expected pointer to Singleton after calling GetInstance(), not nil")
	}
	if c1 != c2 {
   
		t.Errorf("Expected same instance in counter2 but it got a different instance")
	}

}

Builder 建造者设计模式

reusing an algorithm to create many implementations of an interface
重用某个算法来创建接口的多个实现

例如，你将使用几乎相同的技术来建造一辆汽车，你将建造一辆公共汽车，除了他们将不同的大小和座位的数量，所以我们为什么不重复建造过程（组装结构，放置车轮，放置座椅）?
示例：车辆制造
核心思想：ManufacturingDirector负责重用建造过程

package creational

//产品接口,开放更改
type VehicleProduct struct {
   
	Wheels    int
	Seats     int
	Structure string
}

//定义一组车辆建造的行为
type BuildProcess interface {
   
	SetWheels() BuildProcess
	SetSeats() BuildProcess
	SetStructure() BuildProcess
	Build() VehicleProduct
}

//----------导演
type ManufacturingDirector struct {
   
	bp BuildProcess
}

//使用BuildProcess进行产品构造
func (f *ManufacturingDirector) Construct() {
   
	//Implementation goes here
	f.bp.SetSeats().SetWheels().SetStructure()
}
func (f *ManufacturingDirector) SetBuilder(b BuildProcess) {
   
	//Implementation goes here
	f.bp = b
}

//----------小车建造器
type CarBuilder struct {
   
	v VehicleProduct
}

func (c *CarBuilder) SetWheels() BuildProcess {
   
	c.v.Wheels = 4
	return c
}
func (c *CarBuilder) SetSeats() BuildProcess {
   
	c.v.Seats = 5
	return c
}
func (c *CarBuilder) SetStructure() BuildProcess {
   
	c.v.Structure = "Car"
	return c
}
func (c *CarBuilder) Build() VehicleProduct {
    return c.v }

//--------摩托车建造器
type BikeBuilder struct {
   
	v VehicleProduct
}

func (b *BikeBuilder) SetWheels() BuildProcess {
   
	b.v.Wheels = 2
	return b
}
func (b *BikeBuilder) SetSeats() BuildProcess {
   
	b.v.Seats = 2
	return b
}
func (b *BikeBuilder) SetStructure() BuildProcess {
   
	b.v.Structure = "Motorbike"
	return b
}
func (b *BikeBuilder) Build() VehicleProduct {
    return b.v }