模板与STL的简单入门

从数组到vector

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int m;
    int n;
    cin>>m>>n;
    vector<vector<int>> matrix_a(m);
    vector<vector<int>> matrix_b(n);
    int input;
    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
            cin >> input;
             matrix_a[i].push_back(input);
        }
    }
   for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
       for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){
           cin >> input;
           matrix_b[i].push_back(input);
       }
   }
    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){
            int s = 0;
            for(int k = 0; k < n; k++){
                s = s + matrix_a[i][k] * matrix_b[k][j];//关键步骤
            }
            if(j != 0){
                cout << " ";
            }
            cout << s;
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

存储不定个数的数字

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    int input;
    int count = 0;
    vector<int>arr;
    while(cin >> input){
    auto iter = find(arr.begin(),arr.end(),input);//查找元素 
        if( iter == arr.end()){
            //若没有找到则执行插入
             arr.push_back(input);
             count++;
        }
        //找到了则什么都不做 
    }
    sort(arr.begin(),arr.end(),greater<int>());
    for( int i = 0; i < arr.size(); ++i){
        cout << arr[i] << endl;
    }
    cout << arr.size();
    return 0;
}

字符串数组与std::string

char str[5]={'t','o','a','d','\0'};
char str[5]="toad";
char str[]="toad";

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    string input;
    cin >> input;
    cout << input << endl;
    cout << input.length() <<endl;
    cout << input[0] <<endl;
    string str = "yangzhou301";
    auto result = input + str;
    cout << result << endl;
    cout << (result < str) << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++提供的函数模板简介

int abs(int x)
{
    return x<0?-x:x;
}
double abs(double x)
{
    return x<0?-x:x;  
}

使用函数模板实现swap函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
void my_swap(T& a, T& b)
{
    T c = a;
    a = b;
    b = c;
}
int main()
{
    double a1 = 1.3, a2 = 2.1;
    char b1 = 'a', b2 = 'b';
    my_swap(a1, a2);
    my_swap(b1, b2);
    cout << a1 << " " << a2 << endl;
    cout << b1 << " " << b2 << endl;
    return 0;
}

类模板