jetpack之LiveData的简单使用（特别简单，让你爽到飞！）

LiveData一般都是和ViewModel配合使用，如果还没有学习过ViewModel的小伙伴可以看一下我之前写的文章：

前置知识

jetpack之ViewModel的简单使用

Androidjetpack之viewmodel的原理分析

代码演示 1

NumViewModel.kt

class NumViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _data:MutableLiveData<Int> = MutableLiveData(0)
    val data:LiveData<Int> get() = _data
    fun updateData(num:Int){
        _data.value = num
    }
}

我们通过代码可以看到，它的使用是在ViewModel中的。LiveData也能感知生命周期的变化，并且能够观察数据，在数据变化的时候对UI组件做出改变。并且我在这里定义的是不可变的常量，真正改变数据的LivaData被我privater起来了，达到封装的效果。

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/num_tv"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.391" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="128dp"
        android:onClick="add"
        android:text="添加"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/num_tv" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.kt

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private lateinit var tv:TextView
    private lateinit var numViewModel: NumViewModel
    @SuppressLint("MissingInflatedId", "SetTextI18n")
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        enableEdgeToEdge()
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        tv = findViewById(R.id.num_tv)
        numViewModel = ViewModelProvider(this)[NumViewModel::class.java]
        tv.text = numViewModel.data.value.toString()
        numViewModel.data.observe(this,{
            tv.text = it.toString()
        })
    }

    fun add(view: View) {
        val num = numViewModel.data.value!! + 1
        numViewModel.updateData(num)
        Log.i("MainActivity",numViewModel.data.value.toString())
    }
}

 这里numViewModel.data观察数据变化，就要数据改变了，就更新UI。一行代码就能达到这种效果，而且就算屏幕翻转还有ViewModel兜底，爽啦爽啦😋。

看起来LiveData使用起来很简单嘛，再爽一次！。

代码演示2：Fragment之间的数据共享——SeekBar演示

此案例以SeekBar进行Fragment之间数据共享的演示。（感觉档次瞬间就上来了😚）

最终效果

这也太丝滑了吧！！！😋

SeekBarViewModel.kt

class SeekBarViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _data:MutableLiveData<Int> = MutableLiveData(0)
    val progress:LiveData<Int> get() = _data
    fun updateData(progress: Int){
        _data.value = progress
    }

}

OneFragment.kt

class OneFragment : Fragment() {
    private lateinit var seekBarViewModel:SeekBarViewModel
    @SuppressLint("MissingInflatedId", "SetTextI18n", "FragmentLiveDataObserve")
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_one,container,false)
        val seekBar = view.findViewById<SeekBar>(R.id.seekbar1)
        seekBarViewModel = ViewModelProvider(requireActivity())[SeekBarViewModel::class.java]
        seekBarViewModel.progress.observe(this,{
            seekBar.progress = seekBarViewModel.progress.value!!
        })
        seekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(object : OnSeekBarChangeListener{
            override fun onProgressChanged(seekBar: SeekBar?, progress: Int, fromUser: Boolean) {
                seekBarViewModel.updateData(progress)
            }

            override fun onStartTrackingTouch(seekBar: SeekBar?) {

            }

            override fun onStopTrackingTouch(seekBar: SeekBar?) {

            }

        })
        return view
    }

}

fragment_two.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <SeekBar
        android:id="@+id/seekbar1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:max="100"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

第二个Fragment与上面的是u一模一样的，就不贴啦👌

activity_second.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:name="com.software.livedata_learn.OneFragment"
        android:layout_width="321dp"
        android:id="@+id/fragment1"
        android:layout_height="251dp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:name="com.software.livedata_learn.TwoFragment"
        android:id="@+id/fragment2"
        android:layout_width="321dp"
        android:layout_height="251dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/fragment1"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.659" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

SecondActivity.kt

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:name="com.software.livedata_learn.OneFragment"
        android:layout_width="321dp"
        android:id="@+id/fragment1"
        android:layout_height="251dp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:name="com.software.livedata_learn.TwoFragment"
        android:id="@+id/fragment2"
        android:layout_width="321dp"
        android:layout_height="251dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/fragment1"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.659" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

主要是两个Fragment中ViewModel的ViewModelStoreOwner都是他们的activity，他们的activity还都一样，所以他们的数据就是同步的，一更改数据就会让livadata观察到，这样的效果只需要几行代码，这还不爽？😋

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