hadoop纠删码基本原理

### Hadoop Erasure Coding Principle In Hadoop, erasure coding is an alternative to replication that provides higher storage efficiency while maintaining data durability and availability. Instead of replicating blocks multiple times, which consumes significant storage space, erasure coding splits files into smaller pieces called fragments or shards, applies mathematical algorithms to generate additional parity information, and distributes both original and parity data across different nodes within the cluster. The process begins by dividing each file into fixed-size chunks known as stripes. Each stripe consists of several cells where actual user data resides along with corresponding parity cells generated through encoding functions such as Reed-Solomon codes[^1]. For example, using a (6+3) scheme means six units are used for storing raw data plus three extra ones reserved exclusively for redundancy checks via parity bits. When reading from striped files encoded with erasure coding, only enough parts need retrieving based on configured policies without having all components present simultaneously; thus reducing network traffic significantly compared to traditional full-replication methods when recovering lost segments due to node failures during operation periods [^2]. ```python from hadoop.erasure_coding import ErasureCodingPolicy policy = ErasureCodingPolicy(cell_size=8*1024, num_data_units=6, num_parity_units=3) encoded_chunks = policy.encode(raw_bytes=b'example data') recovered_data = policy.decode(encoded_chunks[:9]) # Assume first nine chunks available after failure recovery. ```