django中取最后发布的记录

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-13 21:47:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-03-13 21:47:41 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： django date import class database module

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本文介绍如何使用Django ORM获取模型中的最新记录。通过设置`get_latest_by`属性，可以直接调用`latest()`方法获取指定字段的最大值对应的数据记录。此外，还介绍了如何在未设置`get_latest_by`的情况下手动指定字段获取最新记录。

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get_latest_by
Models can have a get_latest_by attribute, which should be set to the name of a DateField or DateTimeField. If get_latest_by exists, the model's module will get a get_latest() function, which will return the latest object in the database according to that field. "Latest" means "having the date farthest into the future."

Model source code
from django.db import models

class Article(models.Model):
    headline = models.CharField(maxlength=100)
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    expire_date = models.DateField()
    class Meta:
        get_latest_by = 'pub_date'

def __str__(self):
return self.headline

class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(maxlength=30)
birthday = models.DateField()

# Note that this model doesn't have "get_latest_by" set.

def __str__(self):
return self.nameSample API usage
This sample code assumes the above models have been saved in a file mysite/models.py.

>>> from mysite.models import Article, Person

# Because no Articles exist yet, get_latest() raises ArticleDoesNotExist.
>>> Article.objects.latest()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
DoesNotExist: Article matching query does not exist.

# Create a couple of Articles.
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> a1 = Article(headline='Article 1', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 26), expire_date=datetime(2005, 9, 1))
>>> a1.save()
>>> a2 = Article(headline='Article 2', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27), expire_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28))
>>> a2.save()
>>> a3 = Article(headline='Article 3', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27), expire_date=datetime(2005, 8, 27))
>>> a3.save()
>>> a4 = Article(headline='Article 4', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28), expire_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30))
>>> a4.save()

# Get the latest Article.
>>> Article.objects.latest()
<Article: Article 4>

# Get the latest Article that matches certain filters.
>>> Article.objects.filter(pub_date__lt=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).latest()
<Article: Article 1>

# Pass a custom field name to latest() to change the field that's used to
# determine the latest object.
>>> Article.objects.latest('expire_date')
<Article: Article 1>

>>> Article.objects.filter(pub_date__gt=datetime(2005, 7, 26)).latest('expire_date')
<Article: Article 3>

# You can still use latest() with a model that doesn't have "get_latest_by"
# set -- just pass in the field name manually.
>>> p1 = Person(name='Ralph', birthday=datetime(1950, 1, 1))
>>> p1.save()
>>> p2 = Person(name='Stephanie', birthday=datetime(1960, 2, 3))
>>> p2.save()
>>> Person.objects.latest()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AssertionError: latest() requires either a field_name parameter or 'get_latest_by' in the model

>>> Person.objects.latest('birthday')
<Person: Stephanie>