nginx中proxy_pass的配置

本文详细解释了Nginx中proxy_pass指令的两种类型:不带URI和带URI,以及它们在处理URL末尾有无uri时的转发逻辑和请求路径的变化。通过实例解析,帮助理解Nginx服务器配置中的不同行为。

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 Nginx的官网将proxy_pass分为两种类型:

  • 不带URI方式:只包含IP和端口号的,不带uri(单个/也算uri),比如proxy_pass http://localhost:8080
  • 带URI方式:在端口号之后有其他路径的,包含了只有单个/的如proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/,以及其他路径,比如proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/abc

一、URL末尾存在 uri 

处理逻辑:代理请求时,会先将请求的uri中和location匹配的部分替换成 proxy_pass 指定的uri,再将最终的uri拼接到代理地址,才是最终访问的url,如:

location /proxy {
	proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8099/svr1;  # uri为'/svr1'
}

发送如下请求:http://localhost:8088/proxy/index.html
详细解析:

  请求的uri:/proxy/index.html
  location匹配的部分:/proxy
  proxy_pass 指定的uri:/svr1
  最终的uri:/svr1/index.html (将请求的uri中和location匹配的部分替换成 proxy_pass 指定的uri)
  代理地址:http://127.0.0.1:8099
  最终访问的url:http://127.0.0.1:8099/svr1/index.html
  即访问 http://localhost:8088/proxy/index.html,

       实际请求路径为 http://127.0.0.1:8099/svr1/index.html 

二、URL末尾不存在 uri

  处理逻辑:代理请求时,直接将请求的uri拼接到代理地址,就是最终访问的url,如:

location /proxy2 {
	proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8099;  # 无uri
}

发送如下请求:http://localhost:8088/proxy2/index.html  

详细解析:  

  请求的uri:/proxy2/index.html
  代理地址:http://127.0.0.1:8099
  最终访问的url:http://127.0.0.1:8099/proxy2/index.html
  即访问 http://localhost:8088/proxy2/index.html,

        实际请求路径为 http://127.0.0.1:8099/proxy2/index.html

下面的几个例子加深理解:

server {
   listen       80;
   server_name  localhost;

   location /api1/ {
           proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        }
   # http://localhost/api1/xxx -> http://localhost:8080/api1/xxx


   location /api2/ {
           proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/;
        }
   # http://localhost/api2/xxx -> http://localhost:8080/xxx


   location /api3 {
           proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        }
   # http://localhost/api3/xxx -> http://localhost:8080/api3/xxx


   location /api4 {
           proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/;
        }
   # http://localhost/api4/xxx -> http://localhost:8080//xxx,请注意这里的双斜线,好好分析一下。


   location /api5/ {
           proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/haha;
        }
   # http://localhost/api5/xxx -> http://localhost:8080/hahaxxx,请注意这里的haha和xxx之间没有斜杠,分析一下原因。

   location /api6/ {
           proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/haha/;
        }
   # http://localhost/api6/xxx -> http://localhost:8080/haha/xxx

   location /api7 {
           proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/haha;
        }
   # http://localhost/api7/xxx -> http://localhost:8080/haha/xxx

   location /api8 {
           proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/haha/;
        }
  # http://localhost/api8/xxx -> http://localhost:8080/haha//xxx,请注意这里的双斜杠。
}

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