Ubuntu 配置Python环境(包括Tensorflow)_ubuntupython环境设置-CSDN博客

本文详细介绍了在Ubuntu系统中配置Python环境，包括安装miniconda、Spyder，创建conda虚拟环境，以及如何管理包。重点讲解了Python版本升级、CUDA和cuDNN的安装，以及TensorFlow的配置。此外，还讨论了conda环境的导出与导入，解决conda安装yaml环境时可能遇到的问题。

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1，安装miniconda

https://gist.github.com/arose13/fcc1d2d5ad67503ba9842ea64f6bac35

How to Install miniconda on linux (from the command line only)

# Setup Ubuntu
sudo apt update --yes
sudo apt upgrade --yes

# Get Miniconda and make it the main Python interpreter
#-O：下载并以指定的文件名保存
wget https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O ~/miniconda.sh 
bash ~/miniconda.sh -b -u -p ~/miniconda
rm ~/miniconda.sh

export PATH=~/miniconda/bin:$PATH

#
#The miniconda.sh script comes with a few basic options. 
#Most notably we used -b to be able to run unattended, which means that all of the agreements are automatically accepted without user prompt.
# -u updates any existing installation in the directory of install if there is one.
# -p is the directory to install into and defaults to /root/miniconda3 .

usage: /root/miniconda3/miniconda.sh [options]

Installs Miniconda3 4.6.14

-b           run install in batch mode (without manual intervention),
             it is expected the license terms are agreed upon
-f           no error if install prefix already exists
-h           print this help message and exit
-p PREFIX    install prefix, defaults to /root/miniconda3, must not contain spaces.
-s           skip running pre/post-link/install scripts
-u           update an existing installation
-t           run package tests after installation (may install conda-build)

或者：从官方网站Miniconda — Conda documentation下载相应的 Miniconda sh 文件，然后使用 sh <FILENAME> -b 从命令行执行安装

cd Downloads/
sh Miniconda3-py39_4.10.3-Linux-x86_64 -b  
#-b          run install in batch mode (without manual intervention),
#             it is expected the license terms are agreed upon
export PATH=/home/kevalen/miniconda3/bin:$PATH
################################################
For best results, please verify that your PYTHONPATH only points to
    directories of packages that are compatible with the Python interpreter
    in Miniconda3: /home/kevalen/miniconda3

检查是否安装成功：

输入$ conda，如果报错conda: command not found

原因是因为~/.bashrc文件没有配置好

vim ~/.bashrc
在.bashrc最后一行加上 export PATH=/home/kevalen/miniconda3/bin:$PATH
或者 export PATH=/home/lei/miniconda/bin:$PATH
然后保存更改，运行
source ~/.bashrc

打开终端报错：bash: /某路径/bashrc: No such file or directory

造成这样的原因，一般是 bashrc 文件里的环境变量配置出了问题。只要删除对应“某路径”的source那一行即可解决，比如

bash: workspace_dir: No such file or directory

删除 source workspace_dir/devel/setup.bash这一行就可以啦

查看conda环境：

conda info --env
conda env list

2，安装Spyder

Installation Guide — Spyder 5 documentation

ubuntu 20 安装 spyder3_ycs_0405的专栏-CSDN博客

1、先安装cython:   

python -m pip install cython
2、安装spyder3  

sudo apt install spyder3
或者用下面的命令安装：

sudo apt install spyder
3、启动spyder3  

    终端输入：

spyder
或

spyder3

########################################
如果安装了miniconda，则可以直接通过 conda包管理器 安装：
conda install spyder

移除一个包
例如：移除 spyder

conda remove spyder

更新一个包
例如：更新 spyder

conda update spyder

查看安装是否成功：
$ spyder

####################################也可以使用 Python 包管理器 pip 安装
pip install spyder

#更新
pip install --upgrade spyder

#pip卸载包
命令：pip uninstall packagename

#pip查看已安装的包
#功能：查看指定的安装包信息
命令：pip show packagename

#功能：列出所有的安装包
命令：pip list

卸载Spyder：

https://www.thelinuxfaq.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-17-04-zesty-zapus/spyder?type=uninstall

#Only uninstall or removes an installed spyder package itself
sudo apt-get remove spyder 
#Uninstall spyder including dependent package
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove spyder 
#If you use purge options along with auto remove, will be removed everything
#regarding the package, It's really useful when you want to reinstall again.
sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove spyder

解决Spyder不能使用plot_model

keras - ImportError: Failed to import pydot. You must install pydot and graphviz for `pydotprint` to work - Stack Overflow

#I solved this problem by installing :

conda install graphviz
conda install pydot
conda install pydotplus

#PS: i called plot_model with: and it's working now.

from tensorflow.keras.utils import plot_model

3,为什么要创建conda的虚拟环境

为什么要创建anaconda的虚拟环境_ice bear桑的博客-CSDN博客_anaconda为什么要创建环境

在 Python 开发中，很多时候我们希望每个应用有一个独立的 Python 环境（比如应用 1 需要用到 TensorFlow 1.X，而应用 2 使用 TensorFlow 2.0）。这时，Conda 虚拟环境即可为一个应用创建一套 “隔离” 的 Python 运行环境。使用 Python 的包管理器 conda 即可轻松地创建 Conda 虚拟环境。常用命令如下：

conda create --name [env-name]      # 建立名为[env-name]的Conda虚拟环境
conda activate [env-name]           # 进入名为[env-name]的Conda虚拟环境
conda deactivate                    # 退出当前的Conda虚拟环境
conda env remove --name [env-name]  # 删除名为[env-name]的Conda虚拟环境
conda env list                      # 列出所有Conda虚拟环境

Anaconda多环境多版本python配置指导 - 知乎

conda create --name [env-name] spyder  #在[env-name]环境中安装spyder

#很多跟在--后边常用的命令选项，可以被略写为一个短线-加命令首字母。所以--name选项和-n的作用是一样的

#激活这个新环境
Linux，OS X: source activate [env-name]
Windows：    activate [env-name]

#可以创建环境bunnies时同时安装多个包,例如这三个包:python=3,Astroid,Babel
co