1. 介绍
使用pip进行安装，下面是个简单例子：
新建一个test.py
from locust import HttpUser, task
import json
payload = json.load(filename) # 替换成post请求的payload文件
class TestUser(HttpUser):
@task
def hello_world(self):
self.client.get("/hello")
self.client.post("/world",json.dumps(payload),headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json'})
执行 locust -f test.py
然后打开web页面：
点击start，会执行脚本代码，调用hello和world接口。
ramp-up的设置，一般而言：100以内的并发用户数，ramp-up时间设置为1-2s；100-500左右，rramp-up时间设置为2-3s；500以上，ramp-up时间设置为5-10s。
压测的结果如图：
也可以使用命令行：
$ locust --headless --users 10 --spawn-rate 1 -H http://your-server.com
[2021-07-24 10:41:10,947] .../INFO/locust.main: No run time limit set, use CTRL+C to interrupt.
[2021-07-24 10:41:10,947] .../INFO/locust.main: Starting Locust 2.28.0
[2021-07-24 10:41:10,949] .../INFO/locust.runners: Ramping to 10 users using a 1.00 spawn rate
Name # reqs # fails | Avg Min Max Median | req/s failures/s
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GET /hello 1 0(0.00%) | 115 115 115 115 | 0.00 0.00
GET /world 1 0(0.00%) | 119 119 119 119 | 0.00 0.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregated 2 0(0.00%) | 117 115 119 117 | 0.00 0.00
[2021-07-24 10:44:42,484] .../INFO/locust.runners: All users spawned: {"HelloWorldUser": 10} (10 total users)
2. 测试脚本分析
import time
from locust import HttpUser, task, between
class QuickstartUser(HttpUser):
wait_time = between(1, 5) # 或者可以使用
@task
def hello_world(self):
self.client.get("/hello")
self.client.get("/world")
@task(3)
def view_items(self):
for item_id in range(10):
self.client.get(f"/item?id={item_id}", name="/item")
time.sleep(1)
def on_start(self):
self.client.post("/login", json={"username":"foo", "password":"bar"})
脚本中至少需要包含一个class。HttpUser继承自HttpSession，会给每一个用户创建一个self.client。
@task会给每一个用户创建一个greenlet（协程），然后就可以调用clinet的get和post方法来调用http服务:
response = self.client.get("/my-profile")
response = self.client.post("/login", {"username":"testuser", "password":"secret"})
@task中的数值表示权重。每个用户会以权重概率，从所有的task中选取一个执行。
view_items中的name属性，会将所有的url都归类到同一个/item下，而不是分成10个单独的url进行统计。
wait_time除了between还有如下几种：
constant(X)：等待固定时间
constant_throughput： for an adaptive time that ensures the task runs (at most) X times per second.
constant_pacing：for an adaptive time that ensures the task runs (at most) once every X seconds
也可以自定义wait_time函数：
class MyUser(User):
last_wait_time = 0
def wait_time(self):
self.last_wait_time += 1
return self.last_wait_time
@tag标签可以用来指定跑哪些tasks。例如下面的例子中：
from locust import User, constant, task, tag
class MyUser(User):
wait_time = constant(1)
@tag('tag1')
@task
def task1(self):
pass
@tag('tag1', 'tag2')
@task
def task2(self):
pass
@tag('tag3')
@task
def task3(self):
pass
@task
def task4(self):
pass
If you started this test with --tags tag1, only task1 and task2 would be executed during the test. If you started it with --tags tag2 tag3, only task2 and task3 would be executed.
–exclude-tags will behave in the exact opposite way. So, if you start the test with --exclude-tags tag3, only task1, task2, and task4 will be executed. Exclusion always wins over inclusion, so if a task has a tag you’ve included and a tag you’ve excluded, it will not be executed.
3. 启动函数
如果需要在整个测试开始前或结束后执行代码，则需要下面的函数：
from locust import events
@events.test_start.add_listener
def on_test_start(environment, **kwargs):
print("A new test is starting")
@events.test_stop.add_listener
def on_test_stop(environment, **kwargs):
print("A new test is ending")
如果需要在每个process开始前执行一些代码，则需要下面的函数：
from locust import events
from locust.runners import MasterRunner
@events.init.add_listener
def on_locust_init(environment, **kwargs):
if isinstance(environment.runner, MasterRunner):
print("I'm on master node")
else:
print("I'm on a worker or standalone node")
如果是每次request请求前都要执行一些代码，则需要在User里执行on_start函数：
class QuickstartUser(HttpUser):
def on_start(self):
self.client.post("/login", json={"username":"foo", "password":"bar"})
4. FastHttpUser
FastHttpUser使用了geventhttpclient，性能比基于requests的HttpUser快了数倍。In a best case scenario (doing small requests inside a while True-loop) a single Locust process (limited to one CPU core) can do around 16000 requests per second using FastHttpUser, and 4000 using HttpUser (tested on a 2021 M1 MacBook Pro and Python 3.11)
下面是一个例子：
from locust import FastHttpUser, run_single_user, task
from locust.contrib.fasthttp import RestResponseContextManager
from locust.user.wait_time import constant
from collections.abc import Generator
from contextlib import contextmanager
class MyUser(FastHttpUser):
host = "https://postman-echo.com"
wait_time = constant(180) # be nice to postman-echo.com, and dont run this at scale.
@task
def t(self):
# should work
with self.rest("GET", "/get", json={"foo": 1}) as resp:
if resp.js["args"]["foo"] != 1:
resp.failure(f"Unexpected value of foo in response {resp.text}")
# should work
with self.rest("POST", "/post", json={"foo": 1}) as resp:
if resp.js["data"]["foo"] != 1:
resp.failure(f"Unexpected value of foo in response {resp.text}")
# assertions are a nice short way to express your expectations about the response. The AssertionError thrown will be caught
# and fail the request, including the message and the payload in the failure content.
assert resp.js["data"]["foo"] == 1, "Unexpected value of foo in response"
# assertions are a nice short way to validate the response. The AssertionError they raise
# will be caught by rest() and mark the request as failed
with self.rest("POST", "/post", json={"foo": 1}) as resp:
# mark the request as failed with the message "Assertion failed"
assert resp.js["data"]["foo"] == 2
with self.rest("POST", "/post", json={"foo": 1}) as resp:
# custom failure message
assert resp.js["data"]["foo"] == 2, "my custom error message"
with self.rest("POST", "/post", json={"foo": 1}) as resp:
# use a trailing comma to append the response text to the custom message
assert resp.js["data"]["foo"] == 2, "my custom error message with response text,"
with self.rest("", "/post", json={"foo": 1}) as resp:
# assign and assert in one line
assert (foo := resp.js["foo"])
print(f"the number {foo} is awesome")
# rest() catches most exceptions, so any programming mistakes you make automatically marks the request as a failure
# and stores the callstack in the failure message
with self.rest("POST", "/post", json={"foo": 1}) as resp:
1 / 0 # pylint: disable=pointless-statement
# response isn't even json, but RestUser will already have been marked it as a failure, so we dont have to do it again
with self.rest("GET", "/") as resp:
pass
with self.rest("GET", "/") as resp:
# If resp.js is None (which it will be when there is a connection failure, a non-json responses etc),
# reading from resp.js will raise a TypeError (instead of an AssertionError), so lets avoid that:
if resp.js:
assert resp.js["foo"] == 2
# or, as a mildly confusing oneliner:
assert not resp.js or resp.js["foo"] == 2
# 404
with self.rest("GET", "http://example.com/") as resp:
pass
# connection closed
with self.rest("POST", "http://example.com:42/", json={"foo": 1}) as resp:
pass
# An example of how you might write a common base class for an API that always requires
# certain headers, or where you always want to check the response in a certain way
class RestUserThatLooksAtErrors(FastHttpUser):
abstract = True
@contextmanager
def rest(self, method, url, **kwargs) -> Generator[RestResponseContextManager, None, None]:
extra_headers = {"my_header": "my_value"}
with super().rest(method, url, headers=extra_headers, **kwargs) as resp:
if resp.js and "error" in resp.js and resp.js["error"] is not None:
resp.failure(resp.js["error"])
yield resp
class MyOtherRestUser(RestUserThatLooksAtErrors):
host = "https://postman-echo.com"
wait_time = constant(180) # be nice to postman-echo.com, and dont run this at scale.
@task
def t(self):
with self.rest("GET", "/") as _resp:
pass
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_single_user(MyUser)
5. 其他参数
locust --help
Usage: locust [options] [UserClass ...]
Common options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-f <filename>, --locustfile <filename>
The Python file or module that contains your test,
e.g. 'my_test.py'. Accepts multiple comma-separated
.py files, a package name/directory or a url to a
remote locustfile. Defaults to 'locustfile'.
--config <filename> File to read additional configuration from. See https:
//docs.locust.io/en/stable/configuration.html#configur
ation-file
-H <base url>, --host <base url>
Host to load test, in the following format:
https://www.example.com
-u <int>, --users <int>
Peak number of concurrent Locust users. Primarily used
together with --headless or --autostart. Can be
changed during a test by keyboard inputs w, W (spawn
1, 10 users) and s, S (stop 1, 10 users)
-r <float>, --spawn-rate <float>
Rate to spawn users at (users per second). Primarily
used together with --headless or --autostart
-t <time string>, --run-time <time string>
Stop after the specified amount of time, e.g. (300s,
20m, 3h, 1h30m, etc.). Only used together with
--headless or --autostart. Defaults to run forever.
-l, --list Show list of possible User classes and exit
--config-users [CONFIG_USERS ...]
User configuration as a JSON string or file. A list of
arguments or an Array of JSON configuration may be
provided
Web UI options:
--web-host <ip> Host to bind the web interface to. Defaults to '*'
(all interfaces)
--web-port <port number>, -P <port number>
Port on which to run web host
--headless Disable the web interface, and start the test
immediately. Use -u and -t to control user count and
run time
--autostart Starts the test immediately (like --headless, but
without disabling the web UI)
--autoquit <seconds> Quits Locust entirely, X seconds after the run is
finished. Only used together with --autostart. The
default is to keep Locust running until you shut it
down using CTRL+C
--web-login Protects the web interface with a login page. See
https://docs.locust.io/en/stable/extending-
locust.html#authentication
--tls-cert <filename>
Optional path to TLS certificate to use to serve over
HTTPS
--tls-key <filename> Optional path to TLS private key to use to serve over
HTTPS
--class-picker Enable select boxes in the web interface to choose
from all available User classes and Shape classes
Master options:
Options for running a Locust Master node when running Locust distributed. A Master node need Worker nodes that connect to it before it can run load tests.
--master Launch locust as a master node, to which worker nodes
connect.
--master-bind-host <ip>
IP address for the master to listen on, e.g
'192.168.1.1'. Defaults to * (all available
interfaces).
--master-bind-port <port number>
Port for the master to listen on. Defaults to 5557.
--expect-workers <int>
Delay starting the test until this number of workers
have connected (only used in combination with
--headless/--autostart).
--expect-workers-max-wait <int>
How long should the master wait for workers to connect
before giving up. Defaults to wait forever
--enable-rebalancing Re-distribute users if new workers are added or
removed during a test run. Experimental.
Worker options:
Options for running a Locust Worker node when running Locust distributed.
Typically ONLY these options (and --locustfile) need to be specified on workers, since other options (-u, -r, -t, ...) are controlled by the master node.
--worker Set locust to run in distributed mode with this
process as worker. Can be combined with setting
--locustfile to '-' to download it from master.
--processes <int> Number of times to fork the locust process, to enable
using system. Combine with --worker flag or let it
automatically set --worker and --master flags for an
all-in-one-solution. Not available on Windows.
Experimental.
--master-host <hostname>
Hostname of locust master node to connect to. Defaults
to 127.0.0.1.
--master-port <port number>
Port to connect to on master node. Defaults to 5557.
Tag options:
Locust tasks can be tagged using the @tag decorator. These options let specify which tasks to include or exclude during a test.
-T [<tag> ...], --tags [<tag> ...]
List of tags to include in the test, so only tasks
with at least one matching tag will be executed
-E [<tag> ...], --exclude-tags [<tag> ...]
List of tags to exclude from the test, so only tasks
with no matching tags will be executed
Request statistics options:
--csv <filename> Store request stats to files in CSV format. Setting
this option will generate three files:
<filename>_stats.csv, <filename>_stats_history.csv and
<filename>_failures.csv. Any folders part of the
prefix will be automatically created
--csv-full-history Store each stats entry in CSV format to
_stats_history.csv file. You must also specify the '--
csv' argument to enable this.
--print-stats Enable periodic printing of request stats in UI runs
--only-summary Disable periodic printing of request stats during
--headless run
--reset-stats Reset statistics once spawning has been completed.
Should be set on both master and workers when running
in distributed mode
--html <filename> Store HTML report to file path specified
--json Prints the final stats in JSON format to stdout.
Useful for parsing the results in other
programs/scripts. Use together with --headless and
--skip-log for an output only with the json data.
Logging options:
--skip-log-setup Disable Locust's logging setup. Instead, the
configuration is provided by the Locust test or Python
defaults.
--loglevel <level>, -L <level>
Choose between DEBUG/INFO/WARNING/ERROR/CRITICAL.
Default is INFO.
--logfile <filename> Path to log file. If not set, log will go to stderr
Other options:
--show-task-ratio Print table of the User classes' task execution ratio.
Use this with non-zero --user option if some classes
define non-zero fixed_count attribute.
--show-task-ratio-json
Print json data of the User classes' task execution
ratio. Use this with non-zero --user option if some
classes define non-zero fixed_count attribute.
--version, -V Show program's version number and exit
--exit-code-on-error <int>
Sets the process exit code to use when a test result
contain any failure or error. Defaults to 1.
-s <number>, --stop-timeout <number>
Number of seconds to wait for a simulated user to
complete any executing task before exiting. Default is
to terminate immediately. When running distributed,
this only needs to be specified on the master.
--equal-weights Use equally distributed task weights, overriding the
weights specified in the locustfile.
User classes:
<UserClass1 UserClass2>
At the end of the command line, you can list User
classes to be used (available User classes can be
listed with --list). LOCUST_USER_CLASSES environment
variable can also be used to specify User classes.
Default is to use all available User classes
Examples:
locust -f my_test.py -H https://www.example.com
locust --headless -u 100 -t 20m --processes 4 MyHttpUser AnotherUser
See documentation for more details, including how to set options using a file or environment variables: https://docs.locust.io/en/stable/configuration.html
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