本文介绍了HTML中的元标签，包括名称标签和HTTP等效标签的作用及使用方法。重点讲解了搜索引擎优化中重要的名称标签如描述、关键词等，并解释了HTTP等效标签如何帮助控制页面缓存及重定向。
Meta tags are tags that reside in between the <head> and </head> tags of your html. There are two different types of meta tags. One uses the NAME attribute, and the other uses the HTTP-EQUIV.
- NAME: The name tags that do not correspond to HTTP headers.
- HTTP-EQUIV: These are tags that do correspond to http headers.
Why use meta tags?
The http-equiv tags do not need to be used. In fact, neither do the name tags, except, without name tags, your website cannot be indexed by many search engines. Most search engines use a bot to crawl through the pages of your website, these bots look for certain name tags, that give information such as keywords and a description of the page. That data is then stored in the search engines database. An example of a typical meta name meta tag is:-
<meta name="keywords" content="key,word,about,my,site"> <meta name="description" content="my page is about bla">
At minimum you should put these tags in your pages.
The NAME tags
I have listed a load of name tags that can be used, but only the ones marked with an * actually need to be used.
Description*
This is a short description of what is on the page. Important when the pages is a frameset.
<meta name="description" content="This site is full of code for programmers.">
Keywords*
These are important words that have something to do with the page. Words like the and other insignificant words would be ignored by the spider.
<meta name="keywords" content="c++, code, programming">
Author
This is the name of the author of the page.
<meta name="author" content="chris maunder">
Generator
Usually the name and version number of the tool used to make the page. With most programs, this is added to pages automatically. Possibly used by the application vendors, to discover market penetration.
Copyright
This is who the copyright for the page belongs to.
<meta name="copyright" content="chris maunder">
Robots
Controls how a spider indexes that page.
- NOINDEX - tells the spider not to index anything on the page.
- NOFOLLOW - tells the spider not to follow links on the page, and index those as well.
- NOIMAGEINDEX - tells the spider not to index images on the page.
- NOIMAGECLICK - tells the spider not to link directly to the image, but to the page it is on instead.
- [Google Only (I think)] NOARCHIVE - tells the spider not to cache the page.
<meta name="robots" content="NOINDEX">
The HTTP-EQUIV tags
Expires
This is used when the content on the page would expire. If a spider detects this, it would either delete the page from the search engine database, or re-index the page on the expiry date.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="expires" CONTENT="Thu, 27 Jun 2002 10:56:57 GMT">
Cache-Control
Tells the browser how to handle its caching of that page.
- PUBLIC - may be cached in publicly shared caches.
- PRIVATE - cached only in a private cache.
- NO-CACHE - do not cache the page.
- NO-STORE - may be cached but not archived.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="cache-control" CONTENT="no-cache">
Content-Type
This causes the browser to load the correct character set before loading the page.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
Content-Style-Type
This is how styles are defined in the page.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Style-Type" CONTENT="text/css">
Content-Language
This of course, is the language the page is in.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Language" CONTENT="EN-GB">
Refresh
This tag causes the page to refresh and load the specified page after a specified amount of time. The delay is in seconds.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="10; http://www.codeproject.com">
Set-Cookie
This allows the page to set a cookie to expire on a certain date.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Set-Cookie" CONTENT="cookievalue=cp; expires=Thu, 27 Jun 2002 10:56:57 GMT; path=/">
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