copy与deepcopy的区别

1. copy()

copy()用来复制列表或字典里的值，而不是复制它们的引用。但是copy()只能复制单纯的、不包含子列表的列表。

a=[1,2,3]
copyList=a.copy()
print("After copying...","a=",a,"copyList=",copyList)

a[0]=4
print("After changing...","a=",a,"copyList=",copyList)

#输出
After copying... a= [1, 2, 3] copyList= [1, 2, 3]
After changing... a= [4, 2, 3] copyList= [1, 2, 3]

可见，此时a与copyList就是两个不同的列表。因为copy()函数只让copyList复制了a中的值，所以a与copyList互不影响。

2. deepcopy()

deepcopy()可以复制的列表里包含子列表，但copy()不可以。

import copy

a=[1,2,3]
deepCopyList=copy.deepcopy(a)  #首先要导入copy,只能使用copy来调用deepcopy(list)
print("After copying...","a=",a,"deepCopyList=",deepCopyList)

a[0]=4
print("After changing...","a=",a,"deepCopyList=",deepCopyList)

#输出
After copying... a= [1, 2, 3] deepCopyList= [1, 2, 3]
After changing... a= [4, 2, 3] deepCopyList= [1, 2, 3]

在该形式的列表下，deepcopy()与copy()的方法相同。
下面介绍不同的地方：

import copy

a=[1,2,[3,4]]
copyList=a.copy()
deepCopyList=copy.deepcopy(a)
print("After copying...","a=",a,"copyList=",copyList,"deepCopyList=",deepCopyList)

a[2][0]=5
print("After changing...","a=",a,"copyList=",copyList,"deepCopyList=",deepCopyList)

#输出
After copying... a= [1, 2, [3, 4]] copyList= [1, 2, [3, 4]] deepCopyList= [1, 2, [3, 4]]
After changing... a= [1, 2, [5, 4]] copyList= [1, 2, [5, 4]] deepCopyList= [1, 2, [3, 4]]

在上述代码中，列表a改变，列表copyList也发生了改变，但是列表deepCopyList并没有发生改变。列表copyList只拷贝了单层列表，而列表deepCopyList拷贝了嵌套的列表。