rust中的函数参数传递与&运算符_rust传递函数-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lixiaodog/article/details/124590784

本文探讨了Rust编程语言中函数参数传递时所有权的问题。通过示例代码展示了`let s3 = takes_and_gives_back(s1);`会导致`s1`的所有权转移，使得后续对`s1`的引用报错。同时，通过比较`let s2 = String::from("hello");`与`gives_ownership()`函数，指出它们在所有权转移上的等价性。解决所有权问题的方法包括使用`clone`方法或通过引用`&`。所有权主要在函数返回时发生转移，而`println!`不会改变变量所有权。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

让我们先来看一段代码：

fn main() {
    let s1 = gives_ownership();
   

    let s2 = String::from("hello");
   

    let s3 = takes_and_gives_back(s1);
    println!("{}", s1);
    println!("{}", s2);
    println!("{}", s3);    
} 

fn gives_ownership() -> String {
    let some_string = String::from("hello");


    return some_string;
  
}

fn takes_and_gives_back(a_string: String) -> String { 
   

    a_string  
}

此时println!("{}", s1);报错：borrow of moved value: `s1`

因为let s3 = takes_and_gives_back(s1);这句已经转移了s1的所有权，此时的s1已经名存实亡。

再来看下面代码：

fn main() {
    let s1 = gives_ownership();
   

    let s2 = String::from("hello");
   

    let s3 = takes_and_gives_back(s2);
    println!("{}", s1);
    println!("{}", s2);
    println!("{}", s3);    
} 

fn gives_ownership() -> String {
    let some_string = String::from("hello");


    return some_string;
  
}

fn takes_and_gives_back(a_string: String) -> String { 
   

    a_string  
}

println!("{}", s2); 同样报错error[E0382]: borrow of moved value: `s2`

这说明了：let s2 = String::from("hello");与

fn gives_ownership() -> String {

let some_string = String::from("hello");

return some_string;}

实质上是等价的。

想要被转移的变量不失效可以使用clone,看如下代码

fn main() {
    let s1 = gives_ownership();
   

    let s2 = String::from("hello");
   

    let s3 = takes_and_gives_back(s2.clone());
    println!("{}", s1);
    println!("{}", s2);
    println!("{}", s3);    
} 

fn gives_ownership() -> String {
    let some_string = String::from("hello");


    return some_string;
  
}

fn takes_and_gives_back(a_string: String) -> String { 
   

    a_string  
}

或者使用&运算符

fn main() {
    let s1 = gives_ownership();
   

    let s2 = String::from("hello");

    
    let s3 = takes_and_gives_back(&s2);

    println!("{}", s1);
    println!("{}", s2);
    println!("{}", s3);    
} 

fn gives_ownership() -> String {
    let some_string = String::from("hello");


    return some_string;
  
}

fn takes_and_gives_back(a_string: &String) -> &String { 
   

    a_string  
}

那变量的转移是在什么时候发生的呢？

fn main() {
    let s1 = gives_ownership();
   

    let s2 = String::from("hello");
    
    println!("{}", s2);
    let s3 = takes_and_gives_back(s2);

    println!("{}", s1);
    
    println!("{}", s3);    
} 

fn gives_ownership() -> String {
    let some_string = String::from("hello");


    return some_string;
  
}

fn takes_and_gives_back(a_string: String) -> String { 
   

    a_string  
}

通过这段代码，我们发现println函数并不会转移变量所有权，所以变量的所有权是在被调用函数的return的时候被转移了。