Essential Input and Output

How to read data from the keyboard？
How to format data for output on the screen？
How to deal with character output？

一、Input from the Keyboard

the scanf_s() function that is the safe version of scanf()

int scanf_s(const char * restrict format, ... );

 Examples of Options in Conversion Specifications

二、Output to the Screen

 The primary function for formatted output to the stdout stream is printf(),

The stdio.h header may also declare the optional printf_s() function, which is a safe version
of printf().

The primary difference between printf() and printf_s() is that printf_s() does not permit the %n output specification to be included in the format string. This is because the %n output specification writes data to memory, and this makes it unsafe.

int printf_s(char *format, ...);

Effects of the Optional Flag Characters in an Output Specification

Size Flag Characters in an Output Specification

Conversion Characters in an Output Specification

Escape Sequences for Whitespace Characters