Centos7 LVM 创建添加实验

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分类专栏： Linux 存储服务文章标签： linux

于 2019-08-14 17:35:06 首次发布

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本文详细介绍了在Centos7系统中如何使用LVM进行磁盘管理，包括创建和调整物理卷(PV)、卷组(VG)、逻辑卷(LV)，以及如何动态扩展和分配磁盘空间。通过实际操作步骤，展示了如何增加根目录大小、创建新LVM磁盘并挂载到指定目录，以及如何在一个物理硬盘上为不同的LVM磁盘分配资源。

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Centos7 LVM 创建添加实验

0.概念

一.（PV）physical volume

物理硬盘
物理硬盘需要转换成lvm（logic volume manage）可识别的状态，将磁盘的system id 转换成8e（lvm的识别码），再通过pvcreate转换成PV，这样才能对磁盘加以利用

二. ( VG ) volume group

磁盘组, 由pv组成，而后pv又会被看做一个整体分为lv1、lv2···

三.（LV）logical volume

逻辑卷
VG最后会被分成许多LV
表示为 /dev/vgname/lvname 例 /dev/sda/sda1 、/dev/sda/sda2 、/dev/sdb/sdb1

1.系统安装时用LVM。

在这里插入图片描述

安装好后系统信息。

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1050623      524288   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1050624    41943039    20446208   8e  Linux LVM

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   20G 1003M   19G   6% /
devtmpfs                 898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    910M  9.5M  901M   2% /run
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                509M  139M  370M  28% /boot
tmpfs                    182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay 
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <19.50 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay   
  VG Name               centos
  Format                lvm2
  VG Size               <19.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4991
  Alloc PE / Size       4991 / <19.50 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay 
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV Size                <19.50 GiB

2.添加硬盘。增加根目录大小。

一.创建PV

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 
Command (m for help): n
Select (default p): p

Command (m for help): t
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'unknown' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

二.加入VG

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay -v
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  Format                lvm2
  VG Size               29.49 GiB
  Alloc PE / Size       4991 / <19.50 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2559 / <10.00 GiB
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV Size                <19.50 GiB

  --- Physical volumes ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2     
  Total PE / Free PE    4991 / 0
  
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1     
  Total PE / Free PE    2559 / 2559

三.扩充LV

# 添加所有空间   lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/data-data
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +9.99G /dev/mapper/centos-root   
  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 9.99 GiB.
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <19.50 GiB (4991 extents) to <29.49 GiB (7549 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
  
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   20G 1004M   19G   6% /

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root 
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, 

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   30G 1004M   29G   4% /

3.添加硬盘。创建新LVM磁盘。挂载到 /home。

一.创建PV

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Command (m for help): n
Select (default p): p

Command (m for help): t
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'unknown' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.

二.新建VG，并添加PV

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate volume_home /dev/sdc1
  Volume group "volume_home" successfully created
  
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               volume_home
  Format                lvm2
  VG Size               <10.00 GiB
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       2559 / <10.00 GiB

三.新建立LV，挂载到目录

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 9.9G -n home volume_home
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 9.90 GiB
  Logical volume "home" created.

[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay 
  LV Path                /dev/volume_home/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                volume_home
  LV Size                9.90 GiB
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/volume_home/home

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/volume_home/home /home

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
/dev/mapper/centos-root        30G 1004M   29G   4% /
/dev/mapper/volume_home-home  9.7G   37M  9.1G   1% /home

#开机挂载
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/fstab
#加入启动项
/dev/mapper/volume_home-home    /home   ext4    defaults        0 0

4.添加一个物理硬盘。给不同的LVM磁盘使用。

一.创建多个PV

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
Command (m for help): n
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +5G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (10487808-20971519, default 10487808): 
Using default value 10487808
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10487808-20971519, default 20971519): 
Using default value 20971519
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdd1            2048    10487807     5242880   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdd2        10487808    20971519     5241856   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd2
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd2" successfully created.

二.加入不同VG

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdd1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend volume_home /dev/sdd2
  Volume group "volume_home" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               volume_home
  VG Size               14.99 GiB
  Alloc PE / Size       2535 / 9.90 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1303 / <5.09 GiB
 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  VG Size               <34.49 GiB
  Alloc PE / Size       7549 / <29.49 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1280 / 5.00 GiB

三.扩充不同LV

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +4.99G /dev/mapper/centos-root    

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +4.99G /dev/volume_home/home            

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
/dev/mapper/centos-root        30G 1005M   29G   4% /
/dev/mapper/volume_home-home  9.7G   37M  9.1G   1% /home
#xfs格式用xfs-growfs
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root 
#ext4格式用resize2fs
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/volume_home/home 

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
/dev/mapper/centos-root        35G 1005M   34G   3% /
/dev/mapper/volume_home-home   15G   41M   14G   1% /home

5.最后总的测试环境磁盘信息。

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1050623      524288   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1050624    41943039    20446208   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    20971519    10484736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048    20971519    10484736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdd: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdd1            2048    10487807     5242880   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdd2        10487808    20971519     5241856   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 37.0 GB, 37023121408 bytes, 

Disk /dev/mapper/volume_home-home: 16.0 GB, 15992881152 bytes, 

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root        35G 1004M   34G   3% /
/dev/mapper/volume_home-home   15G   41M   14G   1% /home

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdc1
  VG Name               volume_home
  PV Size               <10.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2559
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          2559

   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdd2
  VG Name               volume_home
  PV Size               <5.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1279
  Free PE               25
  Allocated PE          1254
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <19.50 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4991
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4991
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <10.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2559
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          2559
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdd1
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               5.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1279
  Free PE               2
  Allocated PE          1277
   
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               volume_home
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               14.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3838
  Alloc PE / Size       3813 / 14.89 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       25 / 100.00 MiB
   
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               <34.49 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              8829
  Alloc PE / Size       8827 / 34.48 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2 / 8.00 MiB
   
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/volume_home/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                volume_home
  LV UUID                zYkluE-eL2Y-4iDN-oQnp-bVUf-KE7d-QAxoFU
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2019-08-14 05:04:11 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                14.89 GiB
  Current LE             3813
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                gdRx19-3zhD-qPS9-MseI-0c3h-XZW1-pWbGUi
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-08-14 04:16:59 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                34.48 GiB
  Current LE             8827
  Segments               3
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0