创建UDP的服务器端

一.OSI七层模型
1.应用层
2.表示层
3.会话层
4.传输层（端口号）
5.网络层（路由器 IP）（跨网络传输）
6.数据链路层(交换机）（MAC地址）
7.物理层（网线）
二.Tcp/IP四层协议
应用层 传输层 网络层 物理层
三.程序编译过程
预处理 编译期 汇编期 链接期

#include<iostream>
//加载库的头文件
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>

// Need to link with Ws2_32.lib
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//1.买东西-------加载库WASWSAStartup();
WORD wVersionRequested;
    WSADATA wsaData;
    int err;

/* Use the MAKEWORD(lowbyte, highbyte) macro declared in Windef.h */
    wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2);

    err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
    if (err != 0) {
        /* Tell the user that we could not find a usable */
        /* Winsock DLL.                                  */
        printf("WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", err);
        return 1;
    }

/* Confirm that the WinSock DLL supports 2.2.*/
/* Note that if the DLL supports versions greater    */
/* than 2.2 in addition to 2.2, it will still return */
/* 2.2 in wVersion since that is the version we      */
/* requested.                                        */

    if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2) {
        /* Tell the user that we could not find a usable */
        /* WinSock DLL.                                  */
        printf("Could not find a usable version of Winsock.dll\n");
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }
    else
        printf("The Winsock 2.2 dll was found okay\n");
//2.雇人------套接字socket();
SOCKET Socket=socket(AF_INET ,SOCK_DGRAM ,IPPROTO_UDP );
if(Socket== INVALID_SOCKET)
{
 WSACleanup();
 return 1;
}
//3.找地方----bind();//IP和端口号
sockaddr_in adder;//有关服务器的相关信息
adder.sin_family=AF_INET;
adder.sin_port=htons(8899);//端口号自定义 端口号0~65535
adder.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr=0;//IP地址，自定义，任何网段
if(bind(Socket,(const sockaddr *)&adder,sizeof(adder)== SOCKET_ERROR )
{
closesocket(Socket);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
//4.来客人-----接收数据
char bufz[1024]={0};//接收数据
sockaddr_in adder_Client;
int nSize=sizeof(adder_Client);
int reNum=recvfrom(Socket,bufz,sizeof(bufz),0,(sockaddr*)&adder_Client,&nSize);
if(reNum>0)
{
cout<<inet_ntoa(adder_Client.sin_addr)<<bufz<<endl;
//发送数据
cin>>bufz;
sendto(Socket,bufz,sizeof(bufz),0,(const sockaddr*)&adder_Client,sizeof(adder_Client));
}
//下班     关闭套接字closesocket();
closesocket(Socket);
//收摊     关闭加载库 WSAcleanup();
WSACleanup();
}

struct sockaddr_in {
short sin_family;
u_short sin_port;
struct in_addr sin_addr;
char sin_zero[8];
};
int bind(
In SOCKET s,
In const struct sockaddr name,
In int namelen
);
int PASCAL FAR recvfrom( SOCKET s, char FAR buf, int len, int flags,
struct sockaddr FAR* from, int FAR* fromlen);
s：标识一个已连接套接口的描述字。
buf：接收数据缓冲区。
len：缓冲区长度。
flags：调用操作方式。
from：（可选）指针，指向装有源地址的缓冲区。
fromlen：（可选）指针，指向from缓冲区长度值。