十进制数转换至二进制定点数

将十进制数转换成二进制定点数，可以用于将神经网络模型部署至FPGA时对于参数的量化过程。文中代码包含了将正数和负数转化成有符号二进制定点数，整数部分位数以及小数部分位数可以在函数参数中进行指定。

为了便于阅读，使用较长但易于理解含义的完整变量名进行表示：

import numpy as np

def positive_to_binary(decimal_number, integer_bits, fractional_bits):
    # Convert a positive decimal number to binary, keeping integer_bits digits for the integer part
    # and fractional_bits digits for the fractional part, including the sign bit.
    binary_representation = []
    base = 2
    decimal_number = decimal_number * np.power(2, fractional_bits)
    decimal_number = int(decimal_number)
    
    while True:
        quotient = decimal_number // base
        remainder = decimal_number % base
        binary_representation.append(remainder)
        
        if quotient == 0:
            break
        decimal_number = quotient
    
    binary_representation.reverse()
    
    # Adjust length to match the required integer and fractional bits
    if len(binary_representation) > (integer_bits + fractional_bits):
        binary_representation = [1] * (integer_bits + fractional_bits)
    elif len(binary_representation) < (integer_bits + fractional_bits):
        binary_representation = [0] * (integer_bits + fractional_bits - len(binary_representation)) + binary_representation
    
    binary_representation.insert(0, 0)  # Adding the sign bit (0 for positive numbers)
    
    return [str(bit) for bit in binary_representation]

def negative_to_binary(decimal_number, integer_bits, fractional_bits):
    # Convert a negative decimal number to binary in two's complement form
    decimal_number = -decimal_number
    binary_representation = positive_to_binary(decimal_number, integer_bits, fractional_bits)
    binary_representation[0] = '1'  # Sign bit for negative numbers
    
    carry_flag = 1
    for i in range(len(binary_representation)-1, 0, -1):
        if binary_representation[i] == '1' and carry_flag == 1:
            binary_representation[i] = '1'
            carry_flag = 0
        elif binary_representation[i] == '0' and carry_flag == 1:
            binary_representation[i] = '0'
            carry_flag = 1
        elif binary_representation[i] == '0':
            binary_representation[i] = '1'
        else:
            binary_representation[i] = '0'
    
    return [str(bit) for bit in binary_representation]

def decimal_to_binary(decimal_number, integer_bits, fractional_bits):
    # Convert a decimal number to its two's complement binary representation
    if decimal_number < 0:
        return negative_to_binary(decimal_number, integer_bits, fractional_bits)
    else:
        return positive_to_binary(decimal_number, integer_bits, fractional_bits)