eNSP - BGP综合实验

目录

实验要求

子网划分

配置IP地址

AS2内使用ospf协议配置全网通

配置

查看建邻情况

配置BGP协议

配置

测试

配置BGP反射器

宣告网段达成全网通

宣告

测试

 构建VPN隧道

配置

测试


实验要求

 1、AS 1中存在两个环回,一个地址为192.168.1.0/24,该地址不能在任何协议中宣告;
AS 3中存在两个环回,一个地址为192.168.2.0/24,该地址不能在任何协议中宣告,最终要求这两个环回可以ping通
2、整个AS 2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16,请合理划分;并且其内部配置OSPF协议;
3、AS间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制;
4、使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以互相访问;
5、减少路由条目数量,避免环踏出现;

子网划分

在172.16.0.0/16网段进行子网的划分。

我们将骨干链路划分在一个网段,建邻地址划分在一个网段。需要两个网段。

业务网段各给一个网段。需要5个网段

直接将其划分到24位的掩码,需要7个网段:

172.16.0000 0000.0000 0000:

        172.16.0000 0001.0 --- 建邻网段:172.16.1.0/24

                建邻网段只需要一个IP,故直接使用30位掩码

                172.16.1.0000 0000 --- 172.16.0.0/30:R1

                172.16.1.0000 0100 --- 172.16.0.4/30:R2

                172.16.1.0000 1000 --- 172.16.0.8/30:R3

                172.16.1.0000 1100 --- 172.16.0.12/30:R4

                172.16.1.0001 0000 --- 172.16.0.16/30:R5

                172.16.1.0001 0100 --- 172.16.0.20/30:R6

                172.16.1.0001 1000 --- 172.16.0.24/30:R7

                172.16.1.0001 1100 --- 172.16.0.28/30:R8

        172.16.0000 00010.0 --- 骨干链路:172.16.2.0/24

                骨干链路也仅需要2个IP,故试用版30位的 掩码。

                172.16.2.0000 0000 --- 172.16.2.0/30

                172.16.2.0000 0100 --- 172.16.2.4/30:R2-R3

                172.16.2.0000 1000 --- 172.16.2.8/30:R3-R4

                172.16.2.0000 1100 --- 172.16.2.12/30:R2-R5

                172.16.2.0001 0000 --- 172.16.2.16/30:R5-R6

                172.16.2.0001 0100 --- 172.16.2.20/30:R6-R7

                172.16.2.0001 1000 --- 172.16.2.24/30:R7-R8

        172.16.0000 0011.0 --- R3业务网段:172.16.3.0/24

        172.16.0000 0100.0 --- R4业务网段:172.16.4.0/24

        172.16.0000 0101.0 --- R5业务网段:172.16.5.0/24

        172.16.0000 0110.0 --- R6业务网段:172.16.6.0/24

        172.16.0000 0111.0 --- R7业务网段:172.16.7.0/24

综上:

配置IP地址

R1:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 12 2024 16:52:28-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.1 30
[R1-LoopBack0]int l1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack1]q
[R1]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.1.1.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.1/30        up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.1/24       up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R1]

R2:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
May 12 2024 16:54:46-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.5 30
May 12 2024 16:55:09-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.5 30
[R2-LoopBack0]q
[R2]int g 0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 172.16.2.13 30
May 12 2024 17:47:19-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R2]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.1.1.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              172.16.2.5/30        up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              172.16.2.13/30       up         up        
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.5/30        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R2]

R3:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.6 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 12 2024 16:56:57-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.9 30
May 12 2024 16:57:16-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.9 30
[R3-LoopBack0]int l1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.3.3 24
[R3-LoopBack1]q
[R3]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              172.16.2.6/30        up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              172.16.2.9/30        up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.9/30        up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         172.16.3.3/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R3]

R4:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 12 2024 16:59:17-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.25 30
May 12 2024 16:59:37-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.13 30
[R4-LoopBack0]int l1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.4.4 24
[R4-LoopBack1]q
[R4]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              172.16.2.10/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              172.16.2.25/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.13/30       up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         172.16.4.4/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R4]

R5:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname 
May 12 2024 17:41:54-08:00 Huawei %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEt
hernet0/0/0 has turned into UP state.
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.14 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 12 2024 17:42:31-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.17 30
May 12 2024 17:42:49-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.17 30
[R5-LoopBack0]int l1
[R5-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.5.5 24
[R5-LoopBack1]q
[R5]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              172.16.2.14/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              172.16.2.17/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.17/30       up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         172.16.5.5/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R5]

R6:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R6
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.18 30
May 12 2024 17:44:36-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.21 30
May 12 2024 17:44:59-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.21 30
[R6-LoopBack0]int l1
[R6-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-LoopBack1]q
[R6]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              172.16.2.18/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              172.16.2.21/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.21/30       up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         172.16.6.6/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R6]

R7:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R7
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.22 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 12 2024 17:49:46-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.26 30
May 12 2024 17:50:07-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 34.1.1.7 24
May 12 2024 17:50:29-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.25 30
[R7-LoopBack0]int l1
[R7-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.7.7 24
[R7-LoopBack1]q
[R7]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              172.16.2.22/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              172.16.2.26/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              34.1.1.7/24          up         up        
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.25/30       up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         172.16.7.7/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R7]

R8:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R8
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.8 24
May 12 2024 17:52:36-08:00 R8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.29 30
[R8-LoopBack0]int l1
[R8-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.2.8 24
[R8-LoopBack1]q
[R8]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              34.1.1.8/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.29/30       up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.2.8/24       up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R8]

AS2内使用ospf协议配置全网通

因为该区域内网段全为172.16.0.0/16网段内的,且与AS1和AS3间没有该网段内的网段连接,故直接使用172.16.0.0/16网段宣告即可。

配置

R2:

<R2>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R3:

<R3>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R4:

<R4>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]a 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R5:

<R5>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R6:

<R6>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R7:

<R7>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

查看建邻情况

R2:

R3:

R4:

R5:

R6:

R7:

 查看R2路由表:

查看R7路由表:

可以判定ospf内部通了。

配置BGP协议

配置

R1:

[R1]bgp 1	
[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2

R2:

[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]confederation id 2
[R2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as 1
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 as-number 64512	
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 connect-interface l0
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 next-hop-local
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.2.14 as 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.2.14 next-hop-local

R3:

[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]confederation id 2	
[R3-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 as 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface l0
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.13 as 64512	
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.13 connect-interface l0

R4:

[R4]bgp 64512
[R4-bgp]confederation id 2
[R4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 as 64512
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 connect-interface l0
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 next-hop-local

R5:

[R5]bgp 64513
[R5-bgp]confederation id 2
[R5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.13 as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.13 next-hop-local
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 as 64513	
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 connect-interface l0
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 next-hop-local

R6:

[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]confederation id 2
[R6-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.17 as 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.17 connect-interface l0
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.25 as 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.25 connect-interface l0

R7:

[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]confederation id 2
[R7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 as 64513	
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 connect-interface l0
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 next-hop-local
[R7-bgp]peer 34.1.1.8 as 3

R8:

[R8]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]peer 34.1.1.7 as 2

查看建邻情况:

R1:

R2:

R3:

R4:

R5:

R6:

R7:

R8:

测试

将R1中的172.16.0.0/30网段宣告进入bgp协议中,看其他路由器能否收到该条路由:

R3:

R6:

R4:

经测试,R4、R7、R8接收不到该条路由,这是由于bgp水平分割造成的。故接下来配置bgp反射器。

配置BGP反射器

经分析,在R3和R6上面进行反射器的配置:

R3:

[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.13 reflect-client

R6:

[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.25 reflect-client 

再次查看:

R4:

R7:

R8:

由此达成bgp配置

宣告网段达成全网通

宣告

由题意知R1和R8上的业务网段不宣告进入协议中。

R1:

[R1]bgp 1
[R1-bgp]net 172.16.0.0 30

R2:

[R2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]net 172.16.0.0 16

R7:

[R7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]net 172.16.0.0 16

R8:

[R8]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]net 172.16.0.28 30

 直接使用这个IP可以实现路由聚合的功能,简单易行。

测试

R1pingR4业务:

R1pingR8:

R8pingR3业务:

达成全网通。

 构建VPN隧道

因为需要让R1的业务网段仅能与R8的业务网段沟通,故构建一条VPN隧道。

这里使用10.1.1.0/24网段来给隧道IP:

配置

R1:

[R1]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.1.1.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.1/30        up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.1/24       up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Tunnel0/0/0                       10.1.1.1/24          up         down      
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.29
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 Tunnel0/0/0

R8:

[R8]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.8 24
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]dis ip int b 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              34.1.1.8/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.0.29/30       up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.2.8/24       up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Tunnel0/0/0                       10.1.1.8/24          up         down      	
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre 
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.29
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.1
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]q	
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 Tunnel0/0/0

测试

R1业务pingR8业务:

R8业务pingR1业务:

 

至此,配置完成 

<think>好的,用户想进行BGP综合实验的配置与实施,需要根据提供的引用内容来设计一个实验方案。首先,我需要理清用户的需求和已有的引用信息。 用户提供的引用内容主要涉及BGP的基础配置、与OSPF和RIP的交互、EBGP的应用、BFD联动静态路由、NAT和DHCP等。实验目的是综合应用这些技术,可能包括多协议路由环境下的BGP配置、路由重分发、高可用性设计等。 首先,需要明确实验拓扑结构。根据引用[2],实验可能包括多个AS,例如AS100和AS200,其中核心设备运行BGP和OSPF。可能需要设计两个AS之间的EBGP连接,以及内部使用OSPF保证路由可达。同时,边缘路由器可能需要配置静态路由和BFD检测,以实现快速故障切换。 接下来,考虑设备角色和配置步骤。例如,核心交换机SW1可能属于AS100,与R1和R2建立IBGP邻居,同时运行OSPF。R1和R2作为边界路由器,与外部AS200建立EBGP邻居。此外,可能需要在R1和R2上配置BFD与静态路由联动,确保互联网连接的冗余。 还需要考虑路由的引入和重分发,如引用[3]提到的BGP可以引入静态、直连或IGP路由。在实验中,可能需要将OSPF路由重分发到BGP中,或者将BGP路由引入到OSPF,确保内部网络与外部AS的路由可达。 此外,引用[4]提到了NAT配置,可能需要在边界设备上配置NAT服务器和出站NAT,以处理内外网地址转换。DHCP的配置可能涉及为内部网络分配IP地址,确保终端设备自动获取IP。 在验证部分,需要检查BGP邻居状态是否正常,路由表是否正确学习到EBGP和IBGP路由,测试BFD的故障切换速度,以及NAT和DHCP的功能是否正常。 可能遇到的问题包括BGP邻居无法建立,原因可能是AS号配置错误或可达性问题;路由未正确重分发导致部分网络不可达;BFD会话未正确建立导致切换失败等。需要逐步排查配置,使用display命令查看状态和路由信息。 最后,根据用户提供的引用,综合这些要素设计一个分步骤的实验方案,涵盖设备配置、协议交互、高可用性机制和验证测试,确保用户能够全面理解BGP综合应用。</think>### BGP综合实验配置与实施指南 #### 一、实验目标 1. 掌握多AS环境下的$EBGP$和$IBGP$邻居建立 2. 实现$BGP$与$OSPF$的路由交互与重分发 3. 配置$BFD$与静态路由联动实现快速故障切换 4. 验证$NAT$与$DHCP$的协同工作[^2][^4] #### 二、拓扑设计 ``` [ISP1]----(R1)----[SW1]----(R2)----[ISP2] | | | | AS200 AS100 AS100 AS200 / | \ OSPF区域 ``` (核心设备SW1运行$BGP$+$OSPF$,R1/R2为边界路由器) #### 三、关键配置步骤 1. **基础网络搭建** ```python # SW1配置(AS100) router-id 1.1.1.1 interface Vlanif10 # OSPF骨干网 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ospf 1 area 0 bgp 100 peer 10.1.1.2 as-number 100 # IBGP邻居R1 peer 10.1.1.3 as-number 100 # IBGP邻居R2 import-route ospf 1 # 引入OSPF路由[^3] ``` 2. **EBGP邻居建立** ```python # R1配置(连接AS200) interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.252 bgp 100 peer 200.1.1.2 as-number 200 # EBGP邻居 network 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 # 宣告OSPF网络 ``` 3. **BFD联动配置** ```python # R1的默认路由备份 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.2 preference 60 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.3 preference 80 bfd bind peer-ip 200.1.1.2 discriminator local 10 discriminator remote 20 commit ``` 4. **路由重分发** ```python # OSPF与BGP互引 ospf 1 import-route bgp # 引入BGP路由 bgp 100 import-route ospf 1 # 引入OSPF路由 ``` #### 四、验证要点 1. 使用`display bgp peer`确认邻居状态为**Established**[^3] 2. 通过`display ip routing-table`检查EBGP路由(标记为B) 3. 测试BFD故障切换时间应小于1秒[^2] 4. 验证NAT转换: ```python # 配置NAT服务器 nat server protocol tcp global 200.1.40.3 2256 inside 192.168.20.8 www nat outbound 2000 address-group 1[^4] ``` #### 五、典型问题排查 1. **BGP邻居无法建立** - 检查AS号是否匹配(EBGP必须不同AS) - 确认TCP 179端口可达性 - 验证router-id唯一性[^3] 2. **路由未传播** - 检查`import-route`配置 - 确认网络声明包含正确掩码 - 查看路由策略是否过滤
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