概述
析构函数特点:
- 函数名为“~类名”,用来标记和识别析构函数
- 没有返回值,析构函数是对自身的销毁行为,返回值无意义,因为没有返回值的接收者
- 形参列表为空,所以析构函数没有重载,唯一的
构造函数VS析构函数:
- 构造函数是对自身的初始化,生成(定义)对象时自动调用
- 析构函数是对自身的销毁,销毁对象时自动调用
辅助类
class CAnimal
{
public:
CAnimal() : mGroup(0)
{
cout << "CAnimal()" << endl;
}
CAnimal(int group) : mGroup(group)
{
cout << "CAnimal(" << group << ")" << endl;
}
CAnimal(const CAnimal &other) : mGroup(other.mGroup)
{
cout << "CAnimal(const CAnimal &other)" << endl;
}
~CAnimal()
{
cout << "~CAnimal()" << endl;
}
private:
int mGroup;
};
class CDog : public CAnimal
{
public:
CDog() : mLoyal(10)
{
cout << "CDog()" << endl;
}
CDog(int loyal) : CAnimal(1), mLoyal(loyal)
{
cout << "CDog(" << loyal << ")" << endl;
}
CDog(const CDog &other) : CAnimal(other), mLoyal(other.mLoyal)
{
cout << "CDog(const CDog &other)" << endl;
}
~CDog()
{
cout << "~CDog()" << endl;
}
private:
int mLoyal;
};
class CCat : public CAnimal
{
public:
CCat() : mCute(20)
{
cout << "CCat()" << endl;
}
CCat(int cute) : CAnimal(2), mCute(cute)
{
cout << "CCat(" << cute << ")" << endl;
}
CCat(const CCat &other) : CAnimal(other), mCute(other.mCute)
{
cout << "CCat(const CCat &other)" << endl;
}
~CCat()
{
cout << "~CCat()" << endl;
}
private:
int mCute;
};
class CPig : public CAnimal
{
public:
CPig() : mWeight(30)
{
cout << "CPig()" << endl;
}
CPig(int weight) : CAnimal(3), mWeight(weight)
{
cout << "CPig(" << weight << ")" << endl;
}
CPig(const CPig &other) : CAnimal(other), mWeight(other.mWeight)
{
cout << "CPig(const CPig &other)" << endl;
}
~CPig()
{
cout << "~CPig()" << endl;
}
private:
int mWeight;
};
class CDonkey : public CAnimal
{
public:
CDonkey() : mStrength(40)
{
cout << "CDonkey()" << endl;
}
CDonkey(int strength) : CAnimal(4), mStrength(strength)
{
cout << "CDonkey(" << strength << ")" << endl;
}
CDonkey(const CDonkey &other) : CAnimal(other), mStrength(other.mStrength)
{
cout << "CDonkey(const CDonkey &other)" << endl;
}
~CDonkey()
{
cout << "~CDonkey()" << endl;
}
private:
int mStrength;
};
class CHorse : public CAnimal
{
public:
CHorse() : mSpeed(50)
{
cout << "CHorse()" << endl;
}
CHorse(int speed) : CAnimal(5), mSpeed(speed)
{
cout << "CHorse(" << speed << ")" << endl;
}
CHorse(const CHorse &other) : CAnimal(other), mSpeed(other.mSpeed)
{
cout << "CHorse(const CHorse &other)" << endl;
}
~CHorse()
{
cout << "~CHorse()" << endl;
}
private:
int mSpeed;
};
class CFarmLand
{
public:
CFarmLand() : mArea(5000)
{
cout << "CFarmLand()" << endl;
}
CFarmLand(int area) : mArea(area)
{
cout << "CFarmLand(" << area << ")" << endl;
}
CFarmLand(const CFarmLand &other) : mArea(other.mArea)
{
cout << "CFarmLand(const CFarmLand &other)" << endl;
}
~CFarmLand()
{
cout << "~CFarmLand()" << endl;
}
private:
int mArea;
};
class CFarm : public CFarmLand
{
public:
CFarm() : mCapacity(1000)
{
cout << "CFarm()" << endl;
}
CFarm(int capacity) : mCapacity(capacity), mDog(20), mCat(30), mPig(40), CFarmLand(8000)
{
cout << "CFarm(" << capacity << ")" << endl;
}
CFarm(const CFarm &other) : mCapacity(other.mCapacity), mDog(other.mDog), mCat(other.mCat), mPig(other.mPig), CFarmLand(other)
{
cout << "CFarm(const CFarm &other)" << endl;
}
~CFarm()
{
cout << "~CFarm()" << endl;
}
private:
int mCapacity;
private:
CPig mPig;
CDog mDog;
CCat mCat;
};
析构顺序
void destruct()
{
cout << "-----construct-----" << endl;
CFarm farm;
cout << "-----destruct-----" << endl;
}
output:
-----construct-----
CFarmLand()
CAnimal()
CPig()
CAnimal()
CDog()
CAnimal()
CCat()
CFarm()
-----destruct-----
~CFarm()
~CCat()
~CAnimal()
~CDog()
~CAnimal()
~CPig()
~CAnimal()
~CFarmLand()
结论:
- 类继承体系中构造函数顺序:父类构造函数(初始化列表->函数体)->子类构造函数(初始化列表->函数体),析构函数顺序跟构造函数顺序恰好相反:子类析构函数(函数体->数据成员)->父类析构函数(函数体->数据成员)
- 数据成员初始化顺序与数据成员在类中定义顺序一致,与初始化列表中初始化式顺序无关,数据成员析构顺序与数据成员初始化顺序恰好相反,即与数据成员在类中定义顺序相反
- 子类可引用父类数据成员,反之父类不可引用子类数据成员,从这个逻辑也可推出子类析构先于父类析构,否则,如果父类析构先于子类析构,则子类析构函数访问了非法父类数据成员(已析构)
合成析构函数
如果没有显式定义析构函数,编译器会合成析构函数,一旦显式定义了析构函数(即使没有实现),编译器不再合成析构函数,编译器认为开发者知道怎么析构对象,不再需要编译器的帮助
合成析构函数函数体为空,其它与显式定义的析构函数无区别,依次调用类类型成员析构函数和父类析构函数
class CAdvanceFarm : public CFarm
{
private:
CHorse mHorse;
CDonkey mDonkey;
};
CAdvanceFarm没有显式定义析构函数,编译器会合成析构函数,合成析构函数为:
~CAdvanceFarm() {}
void destruct()
{
cout << "-----construct-----" << endl;
CAdvanceFarm farm;
cout << "-----destruct-----" << endl;
}
output:
-----construct-----
CFarmLand()
CAnimal()
CPig()
CAnimal()
CDog()
CAnimal()
CCat()
CFarm()
CAnimal()
CHorse()
CAnimal()
CDonkey()
-----destruct-----
~CDonkey()
~CAnimal()
~CHorse()
~CAnimal()
~CFarm()
~CCat()
~CAnimal()
~CDog()
~CAnimal()
~CPig()
~CAnimal()
~CFarmLand()