OTSU

image segmentation is categorized as Edged based segmentation and region based segmentation.

Based on theory there are two main edge based segmentation methods, gray histogram based and gradient based method

There are different type of the Region based method like thresholding, region growing and region splitting and merging.

There are two types of thresholding methods:

• Global thresholding

Otsu method is type of global thresholding in which it depend only gray value of the image.

One-dimensional which only consider the gray-level information, it does not give better segmentation result.

This algorithm fails, when the global distribution of the target and background vary widely

Two dimensional Otsu algorithms was proposed which works on both gray-level threshold of each pixel as well as its Spatial correlation information within the neighborhood.

• Local thresholding

This method divides an original image into several sub regions, and chooses various thresholds T for each sub region reasonably

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1 Select an initial estimate of the threshold T. A good initial value is the average intensity of the image.
3. Calculate the mean grey values u1 and u2 of the partitions R1, R2 .
2. Partition the image into two groups, R1, R2 , using the threshold T.
4. Select a new threshold: T=(u1+u2)/2.
5. Repeat steps 2-4 until the mean values and in successive iterations do not change.

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《A Review on Otsu Image Segmentation Algorithm》