BGP综合实验2

配置了一个8台路由器的网络拓扑,包括AS1、AS2和AS3,每个AS包含不同环回地址和网段。使用BGP协议连接不同AS,通过OSPF动态路由协议确保AS2内部通信。为解决环回地址间通信问题,建立了GRE隧道。配置过程中考虑了路由条目减少和防止环路。

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  拓扑结构:

要求:

1、AS1存在两个环回,一个环回地址为192.168.1.0/24,该地址不能在任何协议中宣告;AS3存在两个环回,一个地址为192.168.2.0/24,该地址不能在任何协议中宣告;最终要求这两个环回可以相互通讯;

2、AS1的另一个环回地址为10.1.1.0/24,AS3的另一个环回地址为10.1.2.0/24

3、整个AS2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16,请合理划分

4、AS间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制

5、使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以相互访问

6、减少路由条目数量,避免环路出现

 使用的设备:8台路由器

 解决网络拓扑

1、确定广播域的个数

2、分配网段

3、配置IP地址 (优先配置路由器)

确定广播域的个数

根据拓扑结构图以及要求可知,其中一部分网段地址已经给出,剩下的自己划分,并自己定制

分配网段

自主分配网段

接口网段:

接口分配网段

R1:GE0/0/0

R2:GE0/0/0

12.0.0.0/30

R2:GE0/0/1

R3:GE0/0/0

172.16.0.0/30

R3:GE0/0/1

R4:GE0/0/0

172.16.0.4/30

R2:GE0/0/2

R5:GE0/0/0

172.16.0.8/30

R5:GE0/0/1

R6:GE0/0/0

172.16.0.12/30

R6:GE0/0/1

R7:GE0/0/0

172.16.0.16/30

R4:GE0/0/1

R7:GE0/0/1

172.16.0.20/30

R7:GE0/0/0

R8:GE0/0/0

78.0.0.0/30

环回网段:

环回分配网段

R1 LoopBack 0

R1 LoopBack 1

192.168.1.0/24

10.1.1.0/24

R2 LoopBack 0172.16.2.0/24
R3 LoopBack 0172.16.3.0/24
R4 LoopBack 0172.16.4.0/24
R5 LoopBack 0172.16.5.0/24
R6 LoopBack 0172.16.6.0/24
R7 LoopBack 0172.16.7.0/24

R8 LoopBack 0

R8 LoopBack 1

192.168.2.0/24

10.1.2.0/24

​​

配置路由器IP地址

 AR1:

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.1 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 25 2023 19:56:35-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q           
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]q
[r1]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack1]q
[r1]

AR2:

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r2
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.2 30
May 25 2023 21:19:29-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.1 30
May 25 2023 21:19:55-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.0.9 30
May 25 2023 21:20:27-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
[r2-LoopBack0]q
[r2]

AR3:

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r3 
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.2 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 25 2023 21:21:38-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.5 30
May 25 2023 21:21:50-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
[r3-LoopBack0]q
[r3]

AR4:

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r4
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.6 30
May 25 2023 21:23:54-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.21 30
May 25 2023 21:24:16-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r4]interface LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.1 24
[r4-LoopBack0]q
[r4]

AR5:

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r5
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.10 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 25 2023 21:27:27-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.13 30
May 25 2023 21:28:04-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r5]interface LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.5.1 24
[r5-LoopBack0]q
[r5]

AR6:

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r6
[r6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.14 30
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 25 2023 21:30:37-08:00 r6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.17 30
May 25 2023 21:30:58-08:00 r6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r6]interface LoopBack 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.6.1 24
[r6-LoopBack0]q
[r6]

AR7:

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r7
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.18 30
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 25 2023 21:32:06-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.22 30
May 25 2023 21:32:19-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 78.0.0.1 30
May 25 2023 21:32:37-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[r7]interface LoopBack 0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.7.1 24
[r7-LoopBack0]q
[r7]

AR8:

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r8
[r8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 78.0.0.2 30
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 25 2023 21:34:08-08:00 r8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r8]interface LoopBack 0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.2.1 24
[r8-LoopBack0]q
[r8]interface LoopBack 1
[r8-LoopBack1]ip address 10.1.2.1 24
[r8-LoopBack1]q
[r8]

配置OSPF动态路由协议

BGP协议承载于IGP协议之上,先将IGP内部网络联通,在AS2内配置IGP协议(OSPF动态路由协议)

AR2:

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r2-ospf-1]q
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2                                                                                                                                                                                            
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[r2]

AR3:

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r3-ospf-1]q
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r3]

AR4:

[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r4-ospf-1]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r4]

AR5:

[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r5-ospf-1]q
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r5]

AR6:

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r6-ospf-1]q
[r6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r6]

AR7:

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r7-ospf-1]q
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r7]

配置OSPF动态路由协议,在接口配置认证,保证更新安全

配置BGP-边界网关协议

配置完OSPF协议之后AS2之内的设备可以相互通信,然后接着在AS1、AS2、AS3上配置BGP-边界网关协议,实现三个自治系统间的网络通信,暂时未学习新的技术解决BGP黑洞,所以5台路由器均配置BGP协议

AR1:

[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-bgp]peer 12.0.0.2 as-number 2
[r1-bgp]q
[r1]

AR2:

[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-bgp]confederation id 2
[r2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 as-number 64512
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 as-number 64513
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r2-bgp]q
[r2]

AR3:

[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-bgp]confederation id 2
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 as-number 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 as-number 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]q
[r3]

​AR4:

[r4]bgp 64512
[r4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-bgp]confederation id 2
[r4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 as-number 64512 
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 as-number 64513
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r4-bgp]q
[r4]

AR5:

[r5]bgp 64513
[r5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-bgp]confederation id 2
[r5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 as-number 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 as-number 64513
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r5-bgp]q
[r5]

AR6:

[r6]bgp 64513
[r6-bgp]router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-bgp]confederation id 2
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 as-number 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 as-number 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r6-bgp]q
[r6]

AR7:

[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-bgp]confederation id 2
[r7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 as-number 64512
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 as-number 64513
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r7-bgp]peer 78.0.0.2 as-number 3
[r7-bgp]q
[r7]

AR8:

[r8]bgp 3
[r8-bgp]router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-bgp]peer 78.0.0.1 as-number 2
[r8-bgp]q
[r8]

配置完BGP协议后要进行宣告,按要求来操作

宣告网段:

AR1:

[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]network 10.1.1.0 24
[r1-bgp]q
[r1]

该路由宣告后传递给R2,R2在将该路由传递给R3,但是R2的路由表上是有该网段,R3的路由表上没有该网段,因为AS-BY-AS规则,导致传递到R2的路由条目为(去该网段下一跳可达),可以加入路由表,但是传递到R3时,路由条目不优(去该网段下一跳不可达),不能加入路由表。所以需要在R2上将该路由条目的下一跳改为本地。

AR2:

[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 next-hop-local
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 next-hop-local
[r2-bgp]q
[r2]

R3上的路由条目为优后,可以加入路由表,但是因为BGP协议的水平分割,导致不能传递给R4,所以我们需要在R3上建立反射器。同样,路由传递给R5时也不优,也要修改下一跳为本地,并且R5传递路由给R6时,因为水平分割规则,也是不能传递给R7,所以R6也要做成反射器。

AR3:

[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 reflect-client 
[r3-bgp]q
[r3]

AR6:

[r6]bgp 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 reflect-client 
[r6-bgp]q
[r6]

同样在R8和R7上也是一样的操作

#AR8:
[r8]bgp 3
[r8-bgp]network 10.1.2.0 24
[r8-bgp]q
[r8]

#AR7:
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 next-hop-local
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 next-hop-local
[r7-bgp]q
[r7]

空接口:

[r2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 21 NULL 0
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21
[r2-bgp]q
[r2]

[r7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 21 NULL 0
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21
[r7-bgp]q
[r7]

 

此时除了192.168.1.0和192.168.2.0不能正常通信,其他网段都可以,所以我们要在AS1和AS3之间做一个GRE

AR1:

[r1]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.3.1 24
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre 
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 10.1.1.1
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 10.1.2.1
May 25 2023 22:39:08-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 10.1.3.2
[r1]

AR8:

[r8]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.3.2 24
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre 
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 10.1.2.1
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 10.1.1.1
May 25 2023 22:38:40-08:00 r8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[r8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 10.1.3.1
[r8]

此时192.168.1.0网段可以和192.168.2.0网段正常通信,全网可达,并且满足要求。

<think>好的,用户想进行BGP综合实验的配置与实施,需要根据提供的引用内容来设计一个实验方案。首先,我需要理清用户的需求和已有的引用信息。 用户提供的引用内容主要涉及BGP的基础配置、与OSPF和RIP的交互、EBGP的应用、BFD联动静态路由、NAT和DHCP等。实验目的是综合应用这些技术,可能包括多协议路由环境下的BGP配置、路由重分发、高可用性设计等。 首先,需要明确实验拓扑结构。根据引用[2],实验可能包括多个AS,例如AS100和AS200,其中核心设备运行BGP和OSPF。可能需要设计两个AS之间的EBGP连接,以及内部使用OSPF保证路由可达。同时,边缘路由器可能需要配置静态路由和BFD检测,以实现快速故障切换。 接下来,考虑设备角色和配置步骤。例如,核心交换机SW1可能属于AS100,与R1和R2建立IBGP邻居,同时运行OSPF。R1和R2作为边界路由器,与外部AS200建立EBGP邻居。此外,可能需要在R1和R2上配置BFD与静态路由联动,确保互联网连接的冗余。 还需要考虑路由的引入和重分发,如引用[3]提到的BGP可以引入静态、直连或IGP路由。在实验中,可能需要将OSPF路由重分发到BGP中,或者将BGP路由引入到OSPF,确保内部网络与外部AS的路由可达。 此外,引用[4]提到了NAT配置,可能需要在边界设备上配置NAT服务器和出站NAT,以处理内外网地址转换。DHCP的配置可能涉及为内部网络分配IP地址,确保终端设备自动获取IP。 在验证部分,需要检查BGP邻居状态是否正常,路由表是否正确学习到EBGP和IBGP路由,测试BFD的故障切换速度,以及NAT和DHCP的功能是否正常。 可能遇到的问题包括BGP邻居无法建立,原因可能是AS号配置错误或可达性问题;路由未正确重分发导致部分网络不可达;BFD会话未正确建立导致切换失败等。需要逐步排查配置,使用display命令查看状态和路由信息。 最后,根据用户提供的引用,综合这些要素设计一个分步骤的实验方案,涵盖设备配置、协议交互、高可用性机制和验证测试,确保用户能够全面理解BGP综合应用。</think>### BGP综合实验配置与实施指南 #### 一、实验目标 1. 掌握多AS环境下的$EBGP$和$IBGP$邻居建立 2. 实现$BGP$与$OSPF$的路由交互与重分发 3. 配置$BFD$与静态路由联动实现快速故障切换 4. 验证$NAT$与$DHCP$的协同工作[^2][^4] #### 二、拓扑设计 ``` [ISP1]----(R1)----[SW1]----(R2)----[ISP2] | | | | AS200 AS100 AS100 AS200 / | \ OSPF区域 ``` (核心设备SW1运行$BGP$+$OSPF$,R1/R2为边界路由器) #### 三、关键配置步骤 1. **基础网络搭建** ```python # SW1配置(AS100) router-id 1.1.1.1 interface Vlanif10 # OSPF骨干网 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ospf 1 area 0 bgp 100 peer 10.1.1.2 as-number 100 # IBGP邻居R1 peer 10.1.1.3 as-number 100 # IBGP邻居R2 import-route ospf 1 # 引入OSPF路由[^3] ``` 2. **EBGP邻居建立** ```python # R1配置(连接AS200) interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.252 bgp 100 peer 200.1.1.2 as-number 200 # EBGP邻居 network 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 # 宣告OSPF网络 ``` 3. **BFD联动配置** ```python # R1的默认路由备份 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.2 preference 60 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.3 preference 80 bfd bind peer-ip 200.1.1.2 discriminator local 10 discriminator remote 20 commit ``` 4. **路由重分发** ```python # OSPF与BGP互引 ospf 1 import-route bgp # 引入BGP路由 bgp 100 import-route ospf 1 # 引入OSPF路由 ``` #### 四、验证要点 1. 使用`display bgp peer`确认邻居状态为**Established**[^3] 2. 通过`display ip routing-table`检查EBGP路由(标记为B) 3. 测试BFD故障切换时间应小于1秒[^2] 4. 验证NAT转换: ```python # 配置NAT服务器 nat server protocol tcp global 200.1.40.3 2256 inside 192.168.20.8 www nat outbound 2000 address-group 1[^4] ``` #### 五、典型问题排查 1. **BGP邻居无法建立** - 检查AS号是否匹配(EBGP必须不同AS) - 确认TCP 179端口可达性 - 验证router-id唯一性[^3] 2. **路由未传播** - 检查`import-route`配置 - 确认网络声明包含正确掩码 - 查看路由策略是否过滤
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