Manually raising (throwing) an exception in Python

转自Manually raising (throwing) an exception in Python

def demo_bad_catch():  # Avoid raising a generic Exception
    try:
        raise ValueError('Represents a hidden bug, do not catch this')
        raise Exception('This is the exception you expect to handle')
    except Exception as error:
        print('Caught this error: ' + repr(error))

>demo_bad_catch()
>Caught this error: ValueError('Represents a hidden bug, do not catch this',)

def demo_no_catch(): # more specific catches won't catch the general exception:
    try:
        raise Exception('general exceptions not caught by specific handling')
    except ValueError as e:
        print('we will not catch exception: Exception')
>demo_no_catch()
>Exception                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-ec39b7ba8683> in <module>()
----> 1 demo_no_catch()

<ipython-input-3-c6f2d59e41ed> in demo_no_catch()
      1 def demo_no_catch():
      2     try:
----> 3         raise Exception('general exceptions not caught by specific handling')
      4     except ValueError as e:
      5         print('we will not catch exception: Exception')

Exception: general exceptions not caught by specific handling

try:
    raise ValueError('A very specific bad thing happened', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz') 
except ValueError as err:
    print(err.args)
> ('A very specific bad thing happened', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz')

try:
    raise ValueError('A very specific bad thing happened', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz') 
except ValueError as err:
    raise
> ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-6-d323cf99e315> in <module>()
      1 try:
----> 2     raise ValueError('A very specific bad thing happened', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz')
      3 except ValueError as err:
      4     raise

ValueError: ('A very specific bad thing happened', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz')

• Exception hierarchy

BaseException
 +-- SystemExit
 +-- KeyboardInterrupt
 +-- GeneratorExit
 +-- Exception
      +-- StopIteration
      +-- StopAsyncIteration
      +-- ArithmeticError
      |    +-- FloatingPointError
      |    +-- OverflowError
      |    +-- ZeroDivisionError
      +-- AssertionError
      +-- AttributeError
      +-- BufferError
      +-- EOFError
      +-- ImportError
      |    +-- ModuleNotFoundError
      +-- LookupError
      |    +-- IndexError
      |    +-- KeyError
      +-- MemoryError
      +-- NameError
      |    +-- UnboundLocalError
      +-- OSError
      |    +-- BlockingIOError
      |    +-- ChildProcessError
      |    +-- ConnectionError
      |    |    +-- BrokenPipeError
      |    |    +-- ConnectionAbortedError
      |    |    +-- ConnectionRefusedError
      |    |    +-- ConnectionResetError
      |    +-- FileExistsError
      |    +-- FileNotFoundError
      |    +-- InterruptedError
      |    +-- IsADirectoryError
      |    +-- NotADirectoryError
      |    +-- PermissionError
      |    +-- ProcessLookupError
      |    +-- TimeoutError
      +-- ReferenceError
      +-- RuntimeError
      |    +-- NotImplementedError
      |    +-- RecursionError
      +-- SyntaxError
      |    +-- IndentationError
      |         +-- TabError
      +-- SystemError
      +-- TypeError
      +-- ValueError
      |    +-- UnicodeError
      |         +-- UnicodeDecodeError
      |         +-- UnicodeEncodeError
      |         +-- UnicodeTranslateError
      +-- Warning
           +-- DeprecationWarning
           +-- PendingDeprecationWarning
           +-- RuntimeWarning
           +-- SyntaxWarning
           +-- UserWarning
           +-- FutureWarning
           +-- ImportWarning
           +-- UnicodeWarning
           +-- BytesWarning
           +-- ResourceWarning