用WiX编写MSI安装包

 WiX（Windows Installer XML）是Rob Mensching（Windows组的一个SDE）写的一个用来编写MSI安装包的工具集，已经被微软内部的很多产品组采用，例如Office组，以及我所在的MSN组，等等。

下面是WiX的一个简单例子（相当于高级的Hello World!的级别），在这个例子中编写了一个SimpleCopy.msi。安装SimpleCopy.msi将能够：

• 创建C:/Program Files/SimpleCopy目录并拷贝一系列文件；
• 创建HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/MPG Lab注册表键，该键下的DestPath变量存储了一个文件路径，DestPath可以在msiexec命令行中用DESTPATH来指定；
• 创建名为SimplyCopy的Scheduled Task，该任务每小时运行一次，执行C:/Program Files/SimpleCopy/SimpleCopy.exe，将该目录下data/source.xml拷贝到DestPath中指定的目录；
• Uninstall时，安装时拷贝的文件、创建的注册表键和Scheduled Task都将被删除。

下面就是用WiX编写SimpleCopy.msi的步骤：

1. 从http://sourceforge.net/projects/wix下载wix的2.0.3220.0版本并解压到硬盘，将candle.exe所在的路径添加到Path环境变量中；
2. 用C#编写SimpleCopy.cs并用csc.exe在同一目录下编译成SimpleCopy.exe:

 

  
  using
   System;

  using
   System.IO;

  using
   System.Reflection;

  using
   Microsoft.Win32;


  namespace
   SimpleCopy

  {
    internal class Application
    {
        [STAThread]
        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string sourcexml = GetExecutableLocation() + @"/data/source.xml";
            if (File.Exists(sourcexml)){  DateTime now = DateTime.Now;  File.Copy(sourcexml, Application.QueryDestPath() +  @"/source_" + now.ToString("yyMMdd_HH.mm.ss") + ".xml", true);  }
            else{  StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(QueryDestPath() + @"/error.log", false);  writer.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString());  writer.WriteLine("Cannot find source file: " + sourcexml);  writer.Close();  }
        }

        private static string QueryDestPath()
        {
            RegistryKey regkey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE/MPG Lab");
            if (regkey != null){  object obj = regkey.GetValue("DestPath");  if (obj != null){  return obj.ToString();  }  }

            if (false == Directory.Exists(GetExecutableLocation() + @"/regkey_not_found")){  Directory.CreateDirectory(GetExecutableLocation() + @"/regkey_not_found");  }
            return (GetExecutableLocation() + @"/regkey_not_found");
        }

        private static string GetExecutableLocation()
        {
            return Directory.GetParent(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().Location).ToString();
        }

    }
}
 

3. 在SimpleCopy.cs同一目录下创建"data"子目录，在data/下创建一个任意内容的source.xml；
4. 在SimpleCopy.cs同一目录下编写SimpleCopy.wxs，其Schema文件wix.xsd可以在wix下载解压后的doc目录中找到。SimpleCopy.wxs内容如下：

 

  
  <?
  xml version='1.0'
  ?>
  

  <
  Wix 
  xmlns
  ='http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2003/01/wi'>
    
  <Product Id
  ='c859431f-086d-4840-b2d7-a84b3bce50f2' 
  Name
  ='SimpleCopy' 
            
  Language
  ='1033' 
  Version
  ='1.0.0.0' 
  Manufacturer
  ='MPG 
  China'
  >
  
        
  <
  Package 
  Id
  ='2738eb03-978b-4712-8e21-7e1868c74c2f' 
  InstallerVersion
  ='200' 
  Compressed
  ='yes' 
  />
  
        
  <
  Property 
  Id
  ='DESTPATH' 
  Value 
  ='C:/'/>
        
  <Media Id
  ='1' 
  Cabinet
  ='product.cab' 
  EmbedCab
  ='yes' 
  />
  
        
  <
  Directory 
  Id
  ='TARGETDIR' 
  Name
  ='SourceDir'>
            
  <Directory Id
  ='ProgramFilesFolder' 
  Name
  ='PFiles'>
                
  <Directory Id
  ='AppDirectory' 
  Name
  ='SimpleCp' 
  LongName
  ='SimpleCopy'>
                    
  <Component Id
  ='ExecutableFile' 
  DiskId
  ='1' 
  Guid
  ='379ccaeb-a8c9-448e-a4b3-fa9884676492'>
                        
  <File Id
  ='SimpleCopy_exe' 
  Name
  ='SimpleCp.exe' 
                            
  LongName
  ='SimpleCopy.exe' 
  src
  ='SimpleCopy.exe' 
  />
  
                    
  </
  Component
  >
  
                    
  <
  Directory 
  Id
  ='DataFolder' 
  Name
  ='data'>
                        
  <Component Id
  ='SrcXml' 
  DiskId
  ='1' 
  Guid
  ='746496f1-d2b1-4334-9b6f-00f71938c459'>
                            
  <File Id
  ='Source_xml' 
  Name
  ='source.xml' 
  src
  ='data/source.xml' 
  />
  
                            
  <
  Registry 
  Id
  ='4e10403a-1976-447f-b38c-59839cb7c5cb' 
  Root
  ='HKLM' 
  Type
  ='string' 
                                
  Key
  ='SOFTWARE/MPG 
  Lab' Name
  ='DestPath' 
  Value 
  ='[DESTPATH]'/>
                        
  </Component
  >
  
                    
  </
  Directory
  >
  
                
  </
  Directory
  >
  
            
  </
  Directory
  >
  
        
  </
  Directory
  >
  
        
  <
  Feature 
  Id
  ='AllFiles' 
  Title
  ='Simple 
  Copy All Files' Level
  ='1'>
            
  <ComponentRef Id
  ='ExecutableFile' 
  />
  
            
  <
  ComponentRef 
  Id
  ='SrcXml' 
  />
  
        
  </
  Feature
  >
  
        
  <
  InstallExecuteSequence
  >
  
            
  <
  Custom 
  Action
  ='CreateScheduleTask' 
  After
  ='InstallFinalize'>NOT 
  Installed</Custom
  >
  
            
  <
  Custom 
  Action
  ='DeleteScheduleTask' 
  After
  ='InstallFinalize'>Installed</Custom>
        
  </InstallExecuteSequence
  >
  
        
  <
  Property 
  Id
  ='SCHTASKS'>SCHTASKS.exe</Property>
        
  <CustomAction Id
  ='CreateScheduleTask' 
  Property
  ='SCHTASKS' 
            
  ExeCommand
  ='/Create 
  /RU "" /SC HOURLY /TN SimplyCopy /TR "%ProgramFiles%/SimpleCopy/SimpleCopy.exe"'
  />
  
        
  <
  CustomAction 
  Id
  ='DeleteScheduleTask' 
  Property
  ='SCHTASKS' 
            
  ExeCommand
  ='/Delete 
  /TN SimplyCopy /F'
  />
  
    
  </
  Product
  >
  

  </
  Wix
  >
 

5. 打开命令行，进入SimpleCopy.cs所在的目录，先后运行candle SimpleCopy.wxs以及light SimpleCopy.wixobj，然后就得到SimpleCopy.msi了：

6. 在命令行运行“msiexec /i SimpleCopy.msi /quiet /log log.txt DESTPATH=d:/”就可以安装了。

相比较其他MSI编写工具（例如Visual Studio 2003/2005，以及InstallShield等），WiX的优点是：

1. 便于版本控制（wxs是纯文本的）；
2. 便于自动化（编辑工具candle.exe和light.exe都是命令行的）。