【Linux学习】day 1 RPM包、YUM仓库与Systemd

本文探讨了软件安装的不同方式,包括源码包、RPM包及YUM仓库的优劣,重点介绍了如何使用systemctl命令来管理和控制Linux系统中的服务,如启动、停止、重启及设置自启动。

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源码包安装的弊端:1、安装难度高;2、需自行解决依赖关系。

RPM包:降低软件安装的难度(通过程序源码与安装规则打包在一起。)

YUM仓库:进一步解决软件安装难度(存放大量常用软件包,根据用户需求进行自动安装)
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常用的systemctl管理服务命令:
systemctl start 服务名称 :启动服务
systemctl stop 服务名称 :停止服务
systemctl restart 服务名称 :重启服务
systemctl status 服务名称 :查看服务状态
systemctl enable 服务名称 :将软件加入开机自启动

[root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# yum install bind bind-utils -y Last metadata expiration check: 20:34:17 ago on Sun 25 May 2025 01:48:18 AM CST. Package bind-utils-32:9.11.36-16.0.1.al8.4.x86_64 is already installed. Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing: bind x86_64 32:9.11.36-16.0.1.al8.4 alinux3-updates 2.1 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package Total download size: 2.1 M Installed size: 4.6 M Downloading Packages: bind-9.11.36-16.0.1.al8.4.x86_64.rpm 5.5 MB/s | 2.1 MB 00:00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 5.4 MB/s | 2.1 MB 00:00 Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Running scriptlet: bind-32:9.11.36-16.0.1.al8.4.x86_64 1/1 Installing : bind-32:9.11.36-16.0.1.al8.4.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: bind-32:9.11.36-16.0.1.al8.4.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : bind-32:9.11.36-16.0.1.al8.4.x86_64 1/1 Installed: bind-32:9.11.36-16.0.1.al8.4.x86_64 Complete! [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# systemctl start named.service [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# systemctl enable named.service Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/named.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service. [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# systemctl status named.service ● named.service - Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS) Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2025-05-25 22:22:53 CST; 11s ago Main PID: 964006 (named) Tasks: 7 (limit: 11715) Memory: 15.2M CGroup: /system.slice/named.service └─964006 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf May 25 22:22:53 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: network unreachable resolving './NS/IN': 2001:503:ba3e::2:30#53 May 25 22:22:53 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: network unreachable resolving './DNSKEY/IN': 2001:7fe::53#53 May 25 22:22:53 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: network unreachable resolving './NS/IN': 2001:7fe::53#53 May 25 22:22:54 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: network unreachable resolving './DNSKEY/IN': 2001:503:c27::2:30#53 May 25 22:22:54 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: network unreachable resolving './DNSKEY/IN': 2001:500:a8::e#53 May 25 22:22:54 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: network unreachable resolving './DNSKEY/IN': 2001:500:2::c#53 May 25 22:22:54 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: network unreachable resolving './DNSKEY/IN': 2001:500:12::d0d#53 May 25 22:22:54 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: resolver priming query complete May 25 22:22:57 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: managed-keys-zone: Key 20326 for zone . acceptance timer complete: key now trusted May 25 22:22:57 iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ named[964006]: managed-keys-zone: Initializing automatic trust anchor management for zone '.'; DNSKEY ID 38696 is now trusted, waiving the normal 30-day waiting period. [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# zone "example.com" IN { -bash: zone: command not found [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# type master; -bash: type: master: not found [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# file "/var/named/example.com.zone"; /var/named/example.com.zone: cannot open `/var/named/example.com.zone' (No such file or directory) [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# allow-update { none; }; -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `}' [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# };$TTL 86400 -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `}' [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# @ IN SOA ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. ( -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# 2023101001 ; Serial number -bash: 2023101001: command not found -bash: Serial: command not found [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# 3600 ; Refresh time (seconds) -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# 1800 ; Retry time (seconds) -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# 604800 ; Expire time (seconds) -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# 86400 ) ; Minimum TTL (seconds) -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `)' [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# IN NS ns1.example.com. -bash: IN: command not found [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# ns1 IN A 192.168.1.10 -bash: ns1: command not found [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# www IN A 192.168.1.20 -bash: www: command not found [root@iZwz9axd7ljna1ufs5ot9sZ ~]# mail IN MX 10 mail.example.com. Subject: rndc reload zone "example.com" IN { type slave; masters { 192.168.1.10; }; // Master server's IP address file "/var/named/slave/example.com.zone"; }; rndc reload dig @192.168.1.10 www.example.com 哪里出问题了
05-26
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