第二篇：深入了解认识 ShardingSphere 核心功能

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-25 16:45:58 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-25 16:45:58 发布

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文章标签： java

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一、深入 ShardingSphere 核心功能

1. 读写分离

目标：配置主从库，实现读请求从从库读取，写请求写入主库。
配置示例：

schemaName: readwrite_splitting_db
dataSources:
  primary_ds:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/primary_db
    username: root
    password: root
  replica_ds_0:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/replica_db_0
    username: root
    password: root
  replica_ds_1:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/replica_db_1
    username: root
    password: root
rules:
  readwrite_splitting:
    dataSources:
      pr_ds:
        writeDataSourceName: primary_ds
        readDataSourceNames: 
          - replica_ds_0
          - replica_ds_1
        loadBalancerName: round_robin
    loadBalancers:
      round_robin:
        type: ROUND_ROBIN

测试代码：通过插入数据和查询数据，验证写入主库、读取从库是否生效。

2. 分布式事务

目标：确保跨多个数据库操作的数据一致性。
常用模式：
- XA 事务（强一致性，性能稍低）
- BASE 模型（最终一致性）
配置示例（XA 事务）：

schemaName: transactional_db
dataSources:
  ds_0:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo_ds_0
    username: root
    password: root
  ds_1:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo_ds_1
    username: root
    password: root
props:
  transaction:
    enabled: true

测试代码： 使用 ShardingSphere 提供的事务管理器实现分布式事务

import org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.api.TransactionType;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.api.TransactionTypeHolder;

public class TransactionDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        TransactionTypeHolder.set(TransactionType.XA); // 设置事务类型
        try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/transactional_db", "root", "root")) {
            connection.setAutoCommit(false); // 开启事务

            try (PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO t_order (order_id, user_id, status) VALUES (?, ?, ?)")) {
                stmt.setInt(1, 1);
                stmt.setInt(2, 1);
                stmt.setString(3, "INIT");
                stmt.executeUpdate();
            }

            try (PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO t_order (order_id, user_id, status) VALUES (?, ?, ?)")) {
                stmt.setInt(1, 2);
                stmt.setInt(2, 2);
                stmt.setString(3, "INIT");
                stmt.executeUpdate();
            }

            connection.commit(); // 提交事务
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3. 数据加密

目标：对敏感数据（如用户信息）加密存储，并在读取时自动解密
配置示例：

schemaName: encrypt_db
dataSources:
  ds:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo_ds
    username: root
    password: root
rules:
  encrypt:
    tables:
      t_user:
        columns:
          user_name:
            cipherColumn: user_name_cipher
            encryptorName: aes_encryptor
    encryptors:
      aes_encryptor:
        type: AES
        props:
          aes-key-value: 123456abcde

测试代码：写入和查询加密字段，验证加密和解密效果。

public class EncryptDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/encrypt_db", "root", "root")) {
            // 插入加密数据
            try (PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO t_user (user_id, user_name) VALUES (?, ?)")) {
                stmt.setInt(1, 1);
                stmt.setString(2, "Alice");
                stmt.executeUpdate();
            }

            // 查询解密数据
            try (PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT user_id, user_name FROM t_user")) {
                ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();
                while (rs.next()) {
                    System.out.println("User ID: " + rs.getInt("user_id"));
                    System.out.println("User Name: " + rs.getString("user_name")); // 自动解密
                }
            }
        }
    }
}