SpringCloud 学习 | 第三篇： 服务消费者 Ribbon

Ribbon介绍

Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目，主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法，将Netflix的中间层服务连接在一起。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时，重试等。简单的说，就是在配置文件中列出Load Balancer后面所有的机器，Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则（如简单轮询，随机连接等）去连接这些机器。我们也很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。简单地说，Ribbon是一个客户端负载均衡器。

Ribbon工作时分为两步：第一步先选择 Eureka Server, 它优先选择在同一个Zone且负载较少的Server；第二步再根据用户指定的策略，在从Server取到的服务注册列表中选择一个地址。其中Ribbon提供了多种策略，例如轮询、随机、根据响应时间加权等。

创建一个原项目基础上创建一个model

pom.xml中如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>service_ribbon</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>service_ribbon</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.M8</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>spring-milestones</id>
			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
			<snapshots>
				<enabled>false</enabled>
			</snapshots>
		</repository>
	</repositories>


</project>

配置application.yml

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/,http://localhost:8760/eureka/ #高可用注册中心
server:
  port: 8764

spring:
  application:
    name: service_ribbon #注册名字

启动类添加@EnableEurekaClient注册服务  使用@LoadBalanced注解，为RestTemplate开启负载均衡的能力。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
	}

	/**
	 * 获取RestTemplate示例 通过@LoadBalanced注解开启均衡负载能力.
	 * @return
	 */
	@Bean
	@LoadBalanced
	public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
		return new RestTemplate();
	}
}

创建controller控制器模拟消费者消费

@RestController
public class HiController {

    @Autowired
    HiService hiService;


    @RequestMapping("/hi")
    public String hi(String name) {
        return hiService.hi(name);
    }


}

service类

@Service
public class HiService {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    // http://服务提供者的serviceId/url
    public String hi(String name){
        return  restTemplate.getForObject("http://SUPPLY-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
    }
}

测试 多次请求http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp 

至此，服务消费者 ribbon编写完成且实现了均衡负载。