python 3.6安装numpy报错 error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++

在尝试使用pip安装numpy时遇到错误,提示Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required。为解决此问题,可以到第三方库下载对应版本的numpy包,切换到本地库文件夹,然后使用pip安装指定版本的numpy whl文件。

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python 3.6 采用 :

pip install numpy

安装失败并且报错:

No module named ‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries satlas not found in [‘d:\myproject\venv\lib’, ‘C:\’]
NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_blas_threads_info: Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS No module named ‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from
distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in [‘d:\myproject\venv\lib’, ‘C:\’]
NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_blas_info: No module named ‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in [‘d:\myproject\venv\lib’, ‘C:\’]
NOT AVAILABLE

C:\Users\dcp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-_69grxl2\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:624:
UserWarning:
Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
the ATLAS environment variable.
self.calc_info() blas_info: No module named ‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from
distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries blas not found in [‘d:\myproject\venv\lib’, ‘C:\’]
NOT AVAILABLE

C:\Users\dcp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-_69grxl2\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:624:
UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
the BLAS environment variable.
self.calc_info() blas_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE

C:\Users\dcp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-_69grxl2\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:624:
UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
self.calc_info()
NOT AVAILABLE

non-existing path in ‘numpy\distutils’: ‘site.cfg’ F2PY Version 2
lapack_opt_info: lapack_mkl_info: No module named
‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from
distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries mkl_rt not found in [‘d:\myproject\venv\lib’, ‘C:\’]
NOT AVAILABLE

openblas_lapack_info: No module named
‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from
distutils customize MSVCCompiler No module named
‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from
distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries openblas not found in [‘d:\myproject\venv\lib’, ‘C:\’]
NOT AVAILABLE

openblas_clapack_info: No module named
‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from
distutils customize MSVCCompiler No module named
‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from
distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries openblas,lapack not found in [‘d:\myproject\venv\lib’, ‘C:\’]
NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_3_10_threads_info: Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS No module named
‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from
distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in d:\myproject\venv\lib No module named ‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils;
trying from distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in d:\myproject\venv\lib No module named ‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils;
trying from distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\ No module named ‘numpy.distutils._msvccompiler’ in numpy.distutils; trying from
distutils customize MSVCCompiler
libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\

解决办法

第三方库官网下载对应版本numpy包图

通过cd 切换到本地库安装文件夹

这里写图片描述

然后通过

pip install numpy-1.14.0+mkl-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

安装模块即可解决报错问题

Collecting opencv-python==4.4.0.46 Downloading opencv-python-4.4.0.46.tar.gz (88.9 MB) --------------------------------------- 88.9/88.9 MB 10.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Installing build dependencies: started Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error' error: subprocess-exited-with-error pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully. exit code: 2 [119 lines of output] Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.6"' don't match your environment Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.7"' don't match your environment Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.8"' don't match your environment Collecting setuptools Using cached setuptools-76.0.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (6.7 kB) Collecting wheel Using cached wheel-0.45.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.3 kB) Collecting scikit-build Using cached scikit_build-0.18.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (18 kB) Collecting cmake Using cached cmake-3.31.6-py3-none-win_amd64.whl.metadata (6.3 kB) Collecting pip Using cached pip-25.0.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.7 kB) Collecting numpy==1.19.3 Downloading numpy-1.19.3.zip (7.3 MB) ---------------------------------------- 7.3/7.3 MB 5.0 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Installing build dependencies: started Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done' Getting requirements to build wheel: started Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done' ERROR: Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\31979\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 105, in _run_wrapper status = _inner_run() ^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Users\31979\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 96, in _inner_run return self.run(options, args) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Users\31979\AppData\Loc
03-13
<think>好的,我现在需要帮助用户解决安装opencv-python 4.4.0.46时遇到的构建依赖项错误,特别是针对Python 3.12的情况。首先,我得回忆一下opencv-python安装常见问题。通常,安装失败可能是因为依赖项不兼容、Python版本过新导致预编译包不存在,或者系统缺少必要的构建工具。 用户提到Python 3.12,这可能是一个关键点。因为opencv-python的预编译版本可能还没有适配到Python 3.12,尤其是较旧的版本如4.4.0.46。我需要检查这个版本是否支持Python 3.12。根据经验,新发布的Python版本通常需要一段时间才能被所有库支持,特别是像opencv这样的大型库。因此,用户可能在尝试安装时,找不到兼容的预编译轮子(wheel),导致pip尝试从源代码构建,而用户的环境可能缺少构建所需的依赖项。 接下来,我需要考虑可能的解决方案。首先,用户应该确认是否存在适用于Python 3.12的预编译包。可以访问PyPI页面查看opencv-python的可用版本。如果不存在,可能需要使用较新的Python版本或者降级到Python 3.11或更早的版本,这些版本可能已被支持。 另外,安装构建依赖项是关键。用户需要确保安装了CMake、编译器工具链(如GCC或MSVC)、必要的开发库(如libgtk2.0-dev、pkg-config等)。在Windows上,可能需要安装Visual Studio的C++构建工具。此外,安装scikit-build和setuptools升级可能有助于构建过程。 还可以建议用户尝试安装最新版本的opencv-python,因为较新的版本可能已经支持Python 3.12。或者使用conda环境,因为conda可能提供兼容的二进制包,避免从源代码构建。 如果用户必须使用Python 3.12和opencv 4.4.0.46,可能需要手动构建OpenCV,但这过程复杂且耗时,需要详细指导。因此,在回答中应提供分步骤的建议,从简单到复杂,逐步排查问题。 同时,需要注意用户提供的引用内容似乎与问题无关(引用的是libxml2-python的一个旧版本),可能用户误贴了,但需要忽略无关引用,专注于opencv-python的问题。 总结解决步骤:1. 检查Python版本兼容性;2. 安装构建工具和依赖项;3. 尝试安装最新opencv-python版本;4. 使用conda环境;5. 手动构建OpenCV(最后手段)。 最后,生成相关问题,帮助用户进一步解决可能遇到的后续问题。</think>针对安装opencv-python 4.4.0.46时出现的构建依赖项错误,以下是针对Python 3.12的解决方案: ### 问题原因分析 1. **Python版本兼容性** opencv-python 4.4.0.46发布于2020年,原生支持Python 3.6-3.8。Python 3.12(2023年发布)因ABI不兼容会导致预编译包失效[^1],此时pip会尝试从源码构建,但需要完整的C++编译环境。 2. **依赖项缺失** 从源码构建需要CMake、C++编译器(如MSVC或GCC)、Python开发头文件等工具链。 --- ### 分步解决方案 #### 第一步:验证预编译包可用性 ```bash # 尝试强制安装最新版(可能已适配Python 3.12) pip install --upgrade opencv-python ``` 若报错提示`No matching distribution`,则需手动构建。 --- #### 第二步:安装构建依赖项 **Windows系统** 1. 安装[Visual Studio 2022]勾选"使用C++的桌面开发"组件 2. 安装[CMake 3.28+](https://cmake.org/download/) 3. 安装Python开发文件: ```bash pip install setuptools scikit-build numpy ``` **Linux系统** ```bash sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev python3-dev ``` --- #### 第三步:手动构建OpenCV(示例为Windows) 1. 克隆OpenCV源码: ```bash git clone --branch 4.4.0 https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git cd opencv mkdir build && cd build ``` 2. 配置CMake(需替换Python3_EXECUTABLE路径): ```bash cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \ -D PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=C:/Python312/python.exe \ -D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON .. ``` 3. 编译安装: ```bash cmake --build . --config Release --target opencv_python3 ``` --- ### 替代方案建议 - **使用conda环境** ```bash conda create -n py38 python=3.8 conda install -c conda-forge opencv=4.4.0 ``` - **降级Python版本** 建议使用Python 3.8.x以获得官方预编译支持 --- ### 关键报错处理 - **`error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required`** 安装[Visual C++ Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/) - **`Could NOT find Python3 (missing: Development)`** 运行`pip install setuptools wheel scikit-build` ---
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