C++设计模式——桥模式（Bridge）

桥模式

由于某些类型固有的实现逻辑，使得他们有多个维度的变化。即一个抽象基类对应的子类中，有多种变化的路径。

桥模式：将抽象部分(业务功能)与实现部分(平台实现)分离，使它们都可以独立地变化。

通过实例代码来理解这个解释：

class Messager{
public:
	//业务抽象维度的变化
    virtual void Login(string username, string password)=0;
    virtual void SendMessage(string message)=0;
    virtual void SendPicture(Image image)=0;
    //平台实现维度的变化
    virtual void PlaySound()=0;
    virtual void DrawShape()=0;
    virtual void WriteText()=0;
    virtual void Connect()=0;
    virtual ~Messager(){}
};
//平台实现
class PCMessagerBase : public Messager{
public:
    virtual void PlaySound(){
    }
    virtual void DrawShape(){
    }
    virtual void WriteText(){
    }
    virtual void Connect(){
    }
};
class MobileMessagerBase : public Messager{
public:
    virtual void PlaySound(){
    }
    virtual void DrawShape(){
    }
    virtual void WriteText(){
    }
    virtual void Connect(){
    }
};
//业务抽象
//精简版PC
class PCMessagerLite : public PCMessagerBase {
public:
    virtual void Login(string username, string password){
        PCMessagerBase::Connect();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendMessage(string message){
        PCMessagerBase::WriteText();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
        PCMessagerBase::DrawShape();
        //........
    }
};
//完整版PC
class PCMessagerPerfect : public PCMessagerBase {
public:
    virtual void Login(string username, string password){
        PCMessagerBase::PlaySound();
        //********
        PCMessagerBase::Connect();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendMessage(string message){
        PCMessagerBase::PlaySound();
        //********
        PCMessagerBase::WriteText();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
        PCMessagerBase::PlaySound();
        //********
        PCMessagerBase::DrawShape();
        //........
    }
};
//精简版移动端
class MobileMessagerLite : public MobileMessagerBase {
public:
    virtual void Login(string username, string password){
        MobileMessagerBase::Connect();
    }
    virtual void SendMessage(string message){
        MobileMessagerBase::WriteText();
    }
    virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
        MobileMessagerBase::DrawShape();
    }
};
//完整版移动端
class MobileMessagerPerfect : public MobileMessagerBase {
public：
    virtual void Login(string username, string password){
        MobileMessagerBase::PlaySound();
        //********
        MobileMessagerBase::Connect();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendMessage(string message){
        MobileMessagerBase::PlaySound();
        //********
        MobileMessagerBase::WriteText();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
        MobileMessagerBase::PlaySound();
        //********
        MobileMessagerBase::DrawShape();
        //........
    }
};
void Process(){
        //编译时装配
        Messager *m =new MobileMessagerPerfect();
}

上述实例代码针对Messager基类有两个维度的变化，PC和Message，精简和完整版。此时需要将它们分离开来，充分利用组合的方式：

#include<string>
class Image{};
using namespace std;

class Messager {
protected:
    MessagerImp* messagerImp;//...
public:
    Messager(MessagerImp* mImp) :messagerImp(mImp) {}
    virtual void Login(string username, string password) = 0;
    virtual void SendMessage(string message) = 0;
    virtual void SendPicture(Image image) = 0;

    virtual ~Messager() {}
};

class MessagerImp {
public:
    virtual void PlaySound() = 0;
    virtual void DrawShape() = 0;
    virtual void WriteText() = 0;
    virtual void Connect() = 0;

    virtual ~MessagerImp() {}
};
//平台实现 n
class PCMessagerImp : public MessagerImp {
public:
    virtual void PlaySound() {
        //**********
    }
    virtual void DrawShape() {
        //**********
    }
    virtual void WriteText() {
        //**********
    }
    virtual void Connect() {
        //**********
    }
};
class MobileMessagerImp : public MessagerImp {
public:
    virtual void PlaySound() {
        //==========
    }
    virtual void DrawShape() {
        //==========
    }
    virtual void WriteText() {
        //==========
    }
    virtual void Connect() {
        //==========
    }
};
//业务抽象 m
//类的数目：1+n+m
class MessagerLite :public Messager {
public:
    MessagerLite(MessagerImp* messagerImp) :Messager(messagerImp) {}

    virtual void Login(string username, string password) {
        messagerImp->Connect();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendMessage(string message) {
        messagerImp->WriteText();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendPicture(Image image) {
        messagerImp->DrawShape();
        //........
    }
};
class MessagerPerfect :public Messager {
public:
    MessagerPerfect(MessagerImp* messagerImp) :Messager(messagerImp) {}
    virtual void Login(string username, string password) {
        messagerImp->PlaySound();
        //********
        messagerImp->Connect();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendMessage(string message) {
        messagerImp->PlaySound();
        //********
        messagerImp->WriteText();
        //........
    }
    virtual void SendPicture(Image image) {
        messagerImp->PlaySound();
        //********
        messagerImp->DrawShape();
        //........
    }
};
void Process() {
    //运行时装配
    MessagerImp* mImp = new PCMessagerImp();
    Messager* m = new MessagerLite(mImp);
}

总结：
1、Bridge模式使用“对象间的组合关系”解耦了抽象和实现之间固有的绑定关系，使得抽象和实现可以沿着各自的维度来变化。所谓抽象和实现沿着各自纬度的变化，即“子类化”它们。
2、一个实现未必不变的绑定在一个接口上。抽象类的实现可以在运行时进行配置，一个对象甚至可以在运行时改变它的实现，也提高了扩充性，减少了多继承的代码膨胀。