httpclient传输格式详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-18 14:44:39 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-02-18 14:44:39 发布
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原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/ifindu-san/p/9277967.html
本文详细介绍了使用Java实现的HTTP客户端工具类，包括GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等请求方式的具体实现，涵盖了参数传递、头信息设置、响应处理及资源释放等关键步骤，特别关注了编码处理和异常捕获，适合于开发者快速理解和应用HTTP请求。

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package org.caeit.cloud.dev.util;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.caeit.cloud.dev.entity.HttpResponse; // no use

public class HttpClientUtil {

/** 
 * 发送http get请求 
 */  
public static HttpResponse httpGet(String url,Map<String,String> headers,String encode){  
    HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
    if(encode == null){  
        encode = "utf-8";  
    }  
    String content = null;  
    //since 4.3 不再使用 DefaultHttpClient  
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();   
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);  
    //设置header
    if (headers != null && headers.size() > 0) {
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
            httpGet.setHeader(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
        }
    }
    CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;  
    try {  
        httpResponse = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);  
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();  
        content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encode);  
        response.setBody(content);
        response.setHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
        response.setReasonPhrase(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());
        response.setStatusCode(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }finally{  
        try {  
            httpResponse.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
    try {  //关闭连接、释放资源  
        closeableHttpClient.close();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }    
    return response;  
}  
/** 
 * 发送 http post 请求，参数以form表单键值对的形式提交。 
 */  
public static HttpResponse httpPostForm(String url,Map<String,String> params, Map<String,String> headers,String encode){  
    HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
    if(encode == null){  
        encode = "utf-8";  
    }  
    //HttpClients.createDefault()等价于 HttpClientBuilder.create().build();   
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();   
    HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(url);  
    
    //设置header
    if (headers != null && headers.size() > 0) {
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
            httpost.setHeader(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
        }
    }
    //组织请求参数  
    List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();  
    if(params != null && params.size() > 0){
        Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();  
        for(String key : keySet) {  
            paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key)));  
        }  
    }
    try {  
        httpost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList, encode));  
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
        e1.printStackTrace();  
    }  
    String content = null;  
    CloseableHttpResponse  httpResponse = null;  
    try {  
        httpResponse = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpost);  
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();  
        content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encode);  
        response.setBody(content);
        response.setHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
        response.setReasonPhrase(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());
        response.setStatusCode(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }finally{  
        try {  
            httpResponse.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
    try {  //关闭连接、释放资源  
        closeableHttpClient.close();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }    
    return response;  
}  
  
/** 
 * 发送 http post 请求，参数以原生字符串进行提交 
 * @param url 
 * @param encode 
 * @return 
 */  
public static HttpResponse httpPostRaw(String url,String stringJson,Map<String,String> headers, String encode){  
    HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
    if(encode == null){  
        encode = "utf-8";  
    }  
    //HttpClients.createDefault()等价于 HttpClientBuilder.create().build();   
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();   
    HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(url);  
    
    //设置header
    httpost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");    
    if (headers != null && headers.size() > 0) {
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
            httpost.setHeader(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
        }
    }
    //组织请求参数  
    StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(stringJson, encode);  
    httpost.setEntity(stringEntity);  
    String content = null;  
    CloseableHttpResponse  httpResponse = null;  
    try {  
        //响应信息
        httpResponse = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpost);  
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();  
        content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encode);  
        response.setBody(content);
        response.setHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
        response.setReasonPhrase(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());
        response.setStatusCode(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }finally{  
        try {  
            httpResponse.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
    try {  //关闭连接、释放资源  
        closeableHttpClient.close();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }    
    return response;  
}  

/** 
 * 发送 http put 请求，参数以原生字符串进行提交 
 * @param url 
 * @param encode 
 * @return 
 */  
public static HttpResponse httpPutRaw(String url,String stringJson,Map<String,String> headers, String encode){  
    HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
    if(encode == null){  
        encode = "utf-8";  
    }  
    //HttpClients.createDefault()等价于 HttpClientBuilder.create().build();   
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();   
    HttpPut httpput = new HttpPut(url);
    
    //设置header
    httpput.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");    
    if (headers != null && headers.size() > 0) {
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
            httpput.setHeader(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
        }
    }
    //组织请求参数  
    StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(stringJson, encode);  
    httpput.setEntity(stringEntity);  
    String content = null;  
    CloseableHttpResponse  httpResponse = null;  
    try {  
        //响应信息
        httpResponse = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpput);  
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();  
        content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encode);  
        response.setBody(content);
        response.setHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
        response.setReasonPhrase(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());
        response.setStatusCode(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }finally{  
        try {  
            httpResponse.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
    try {  
        closeableHttpClient.close();  //关闭连接、释放资源  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }    
    return response;  
}  
/** 
 * 发送http delete请求 
 */  
public static HttpResponse httpDelete(String url,Map<String,String> headers,String encode){  
    HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
    if(encode == null){  
        encode = "utf-8";  
    }  
    String content = null;  
    //since 4.3 不再使用 DefaultHttpClient  
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();   
    HttpDelete httpdelete = new HttpDelete(url);  
    //设置header
    if (headers != null && headers.size() > 0) {
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
            httpdelete.setHeader(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
        }
    }
    CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;  
    try {  
        httpResponse = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpdelete);  
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();  
        content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encode);  
        response.setBody(content);
        response.setHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
        response.setReasonPhrase(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());
        response.setStatusCode(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }finally{  
        try {  
            httpResponse.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
    try {   //关闭连接、释放资源  
        closeableHttpClient.close();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }    
    return response;  
}  

/** 
 * 发送 http post 请求，支持文件上传
 */  
public static HttpResponse httpPostFormMultipart(String url,Map<String,String> params, List<File> files,Map<String,String> headers,String encode){  
    HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
    if(encode == null){  
        encode = "utf-8";  
    }  
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();   
    HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(url);  
    
    //设置header
    if (headers != null && headers.size() > 0) {
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
            httpost.setHeader(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
        }
    }
    MultipartEntityBuilder mEntityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
    mEntityBuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
    mEntityBuilder.setCharset(Charset.forName(encode));
    
    // 普通参数
    ContentType contentType = ContentType.create("text/plain",Charset.forName(encode));//解决中文乱码
    if (params != null && params.size() > 0) {
        Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();
        for (String key : keySet) {
            mEntityBuilder.addTextBody(key, params.get(key),contentType);
        }
    }
    //二进制参数
    if (files != null && files.size() > 0) {
        for (File file : files) {
            mEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody("file", file);
        }
    }
    httpost.setEntity(mEntityBuilder.build());
    String content = null;  
    CloseableHttpResponse  httpResponse = null;  
    try {  
        httpResponse = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpost);  
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();  
        content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encode);  
        response.setBody(content);
        response.setHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
        response.setReasonPhrase(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());
        response.setStatusCode(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }finally{  
        try {  
            httpResponse.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
    try {  //关闭连接、释放资源  
        closeableHttpClient.close();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }    
    return response;  
}

}

发送Get请求：

HttpResponse httpGet(String url,Map<String,String> headers,String encode)

发送Post请求，同表单Post提交

HttpResponse httpPostForm(String url,Map<String,String> params, Map<String,String> headers,String encode)

发送Post Raw请求

HttpResponse httpPostRaw(String url,String stringJson,Map<String,String> headers, String encode)

发送Put Raw请求

HttpResponse httpPutRaw(String url,String stringJson,Map<String,String> headers, String encode)

发送Delete请求

HttpResponse httpDelete(String url,Map<String,String> headers,String encode)

说明：

1、since 4.3 不再使用 DefaultHttpClient

2、UrlEncodedFormEntity 与 StringEntity 区别

2.1、UrlEncodedFormEntity()的形式比较单一，只能是普通的键值对，局限性相对较大。

2.2、而StringEntity()的形式比较自由，只要是字符串放进去，不论格式都可以。

3、以raw方式发送请求时，需指定 Content type：httpost.setHeader(“Content-type”, “application/json”); 否则默认使用 Content type ‘text/plain;charset=UTF-8’。
转发至：https://www.cnblogs.com/ifindu-san/p/9277967.html

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