【设计模式】建造者模式

1. 简介

• 场景：
  • 我们要建造一个复杂的产品。比如：电脑、手机。这个复杂的产品创建有这样一个问题需要处理
    • 装配这些子组件是不是有个步骤问题？
• 建造模式的本质：
  • 分离了对象子组件的单独构造（由Builder来负责）和装配（由Director负责）。从而可以构造出复杂的对象。这个模式适用于：某个对象的构建过程复杂的情况下使用。
  • 由于实现了构建和装配的解耦。不同的构建器，相同的装配，也可以做出不同的对象。相同的构建器，不同的装配顺序也可以做出不同的对象。也就是实现了构建算法、装配算法的解耦，实现了更好的复用。

2. 代码实现

计算机及组件

/**
 * 计算机类
 */
public class Computer {
	private Screen screen;// 显示屏
	private Host host;// 主机
	private Keyboard keyboard;// 键盘

	public Screen getScreen() {
		return screen;
	}

	public void setScreen(Screen screen) {
		this.screen = screen;
	}

	public Host getHost() {
		return host;
	}

	public void setHost(Host host) {
		this.host = host;
	}

	public Keyboard getKeyboard() {
		return keyboard;
	}

	public void setKeyboard(Keyboard keyboard) {
		this.keyboard = keyboard;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Computer [screen=" + screen + ", host=" + host + ", keyboard=" + keyboard + "]";
	}

}

/**
 * 显示屏
 */
class Screen {
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Screen(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Screen [name=" + name + "]";
	}

}

/**
 * 主机
 */
class Host {
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Host(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Host [name=" + name + "]";
	}

}

/**
 * 键盘
 */
class Keyboard {
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Keyboard(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Keyboard [name=" + name + "]";
	}

}

建造者接口及实现

/**
 * computer建造者接口
 */
public interface ComputerBuilder {
	Host builderHost();

	Keyboard builderKeyboard();

	Screen builderScreen();
}

/**
 * Csdn牌computer建造者
 */
public class CsdnComputerBuilder implements ComputerBuilder {

	@Override
	public Host builderHost() {
		System.out.println("构建Csdn牌主机");
		return new Host("Csdn牌主机");
	}

	@Override
	public Keyboard builderKeyboard() {
		System.out.println("构建Csdn牌键盘");
		return new Keyboard("Csdn牌键盘");
	}

	@Override
	public Screen builderScreen() {
		System.out.println("构建Csdn牌显示屏");
		return new Screen("Csdn牌显示屏");
	}

}

装配者接口及实现

/**
 * computer组装接口
 */
public interface ComputerDirector {
	/**
	 * 组装computer对象
	 */
	Computer directorComputer();
}

/**
 * CSDN牌computer装配类
 */
public class CsdnComputerDirector implements ComputerDirector {
	private ComputerBuilder builder;

	public CsdnComputerDirector(ComputerBuilder builder) {
		super();
		this.builder = builder;
	}

	@Override
	public Computer directorComputer() {
		Host host = builder.builderHost();// 建造主机
		Keyboard keyboard = builder.builderKeyboard();// 建造键盘
		Screen screen = builder.builderScreen();// 建造显示屏
		Computer computer = new Computer();
		computer.setHost(host);// 装配主机
		computer.setKeyboard(keyboard);// 装配键盘
		computer.setScreen(screen);// 装配显示屏
		return computer;
	}

}

测试

public class Client {// 调用者
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 创建装配者对象
		ComputerDirector director = new CsdnComputerDirector(new CsdnComputerBuilder());
		// 装配computer
		Computer computer = director.directorComputer();
		System.out.println(computer);
	}
}

控制台打印

构建Csdn牌主机
构建Csdn牌键盘
构建Csdn牌显示屏
Computer [screen=Screen [name=Csdn牌显示屏], host=Host [name=Csdn牌主机], keyboard=Keyboard [name=Csdn牌键盘]]

适用于对象的构建非常复杂的场景