EventBus由greenrobot组织贡献(该组织还贡献了greenDAO),一个Android事件发布/订阅轻量级框架。
当我们进行项目开发的时候,往往是需要应用程序的各组件、组件与后台线程间进行通信,比如在子线程中进行请求数据,当数据请求完毕后通过Handler或者是广播通知UI,而两个Fragment之家可以通过Listener进行通信等等。当我们的项目越来越复杂,使用Intent、Handler、Broadcast进行模块间通信、模块与后台线程进行通信时,代码量大,而且高度耦合。现在就让我们来学习一下EventBus3.0吧。
优点:
1.代码的简洁性,
2.能够有效地降低消息发布者和订阅者之间的耦合度。
3.快,高性能:特别是在注重性能的Android上。也许在其同类的解决方案是最快的。
使用
添加依赖:
implementation 'org.greenrobot:eventbus:3.1.1'
1.注册事件:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
}
2.解除注册:
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
}
3.自定义一个事件类:
public class MessageEvent{
private String message;
public MessageEvent(String message){
this.message=message;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
4.发送事件:
EventBus.getDefault().post(messageEvent);
5.接收事件:
@Subscribe
public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
...
}
案例:
主要是在Activity1中打开Activity2,而Activity2中通过点击按钮来发送消息给Activity1。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button mButton;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//注册
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_jump);
mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, Main2Activity.class));
}
});
}
/**
* 接收消息
*
* @param messageEvent
*/
@Subscribe
public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent: " + messageEvent.getName());
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//解除注册
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
}
}
public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
}
public void doClick(View view) {
//发送消息
EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent("消息"));
finish();
}
}
线程模式
public enum ThreadMode {
POSTING,
MAIN,
MAIN_ORDERED,
BACKGROUND,
ASYNC
}
EventBus支持订阅者方法在不同于发布事件所在线程的线程中被调用。你可以使用线程模式来指定调用订阅者方法的线程。EventBus总共支持5种线程模式:
1.ThreadMode.POSTING 这是 默认的线程模式。表示事件在哪个线程中发布出来的,事件订阅函数onEvent就会在这个线程中运行,也就是说发布事件和接收事件在同一个线程。使用这个方法时,在onEvent方法中不能执行耗时操作,如果执行耗时操作容易导致事件分发延迟。
2.ThreadMode.MAIN 表示无论事件是在哪个线程发布出来的,该事件订阅方法onEvent都会在UI线程中执行,这个在Android中是非常有用的,因为在Android中只能在UI线程中更新UI,所有在此模式下的方法是不能执行耗时操作的。
3.ThreadMode.BACKGROUND 表示如果事件在UI线程中发布出来的,那么订阅函数onEvent就会在子线程中运行,如果事件本来就是在子线程中发布出来的,那么订阅函数直接在该子线程中执行。
4.ThreadMode.ASYNC 使用这个模式的订阅函数,那么无论事件在哪个线程发布,都会创建新的子线程来执行订阅函数。
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING)
public void onMessageEvent1(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent1: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void onMessageEvent2(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent2: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.BACKGROUND)
public void onMessageEvent3(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent3: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.ASYNC)
public void onMessageEvent4(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent4: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
07-13 15:24:43.140 6648-6648/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent1: main
07-13 15:24:43.140 6648-6648/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent2: main
07-13 15:24:43.141 6648-6758/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent3: pool-1-thread-1
07-13 15:24:43.142 6648-6759/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent4: pool-1-thread-2
粘性事件
如果先发布了事件,然后有订阅者订阅了该事件,那么除非再次发布该事件,否则订阅者将永远接收不到该事件。此时,可以使用粘性事件。**发布一个粘性事件之后,EventBus将在内存中缓存该粘性事件。**当有订阅者订阅了该粘性事件,订阅者将接收到该事件。
简单讲,就是在发送事件之后再订阅该事件也能收到该事件。
订阅和发布一个粘性事件的示例代码如下所示:
// 订阅粘性事件
@Subscribe(sticky = true)
public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent event) {
...
}
// 发布粘性事件
EventBus.getDefault().postSticky(new MessageEvent("Hello EventBus!"));
**发布一个粘性事件之后,EventBus将一直缓存该粘性事件。**如果想要移除粘性事件,那么可以使用如下方法:
// 移除指定的粘性事件
removeStickyEvent(Object event);
// 移除指定类型的粘性事件
removeStickyEvent(Class<T> eventType);
// 移除所有的粘性事件
removeAllStickyEvents();
使用场景
我们要把一个Event发送到一个还没有初始化的Activity/Fragment,即尚未订阅事件。那么如果只是简单的post一个事件,那么是无法收到的,这时候,你需要用到粘性事件,它可以帮你解决这类问题.
案例:
MainActivity中发送事件,点击按钮跳转到Main2Activity,但是发送事件的时候Main2Activity还没有初始化,所以要发送粘性事件。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button mButton;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_jump);
mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, Main2Activity.class));
//发送消息
EventBus.getDefault().postSticky(new MessageEvent("消息"));
}
});
}
}
public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
//注册
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
}
/**
* 接收消息
*
* @param messageEvent
*/
@Subscribe(sticky = true)
public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent: " + messageEvent.getName());
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//解除注册
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
}
}
事件优先级
EventBus支持在定义订阅者方法时指定事件传递的优先级。默认情况下,订阅者方法的事件传递优先级为0。数值越大,优先级越高。在相同的线程模式下,更高优先级的订阅者方法将优先接收到事件。注意:优先级只有在相同的线程模式下才有效。
指定事件传递优先级的示例代码如下所示:
@Subscribe(priority = 1)
public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent event) {
...
}
案例:
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING, priority = 1)
public void onMessageEvent1(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent1: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING, priority = 2)
public void onMessageEvent2(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent2: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING, priority = 3)
public void onMessageEvent3(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent3: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING, priority = 4)
public void onMessageEvent4(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent4: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
07-13 15:28:52.793 7025-7025/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent4: main
07-13 15:28:52.793 7025-7025/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent3: main
07-13 15:28:52.793 7025-7025/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent2: main
07-13 15:28:52.793 7025-7025/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent1: main
你可以在高优先级的订阅者方法接收到事件之后取消事件的传递。此时,低优先级的订阅者方法将不会接收到该事件。注意: 订阅者方法只有在线程模式为ThreadMode.POSTING时,才可以取消一个事件的传递。
取消事件传递的示例代码如下所示:
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING, priority = 1)
public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent event) {
...
// 取消事件传递
EventBus.getDefault().cancelEventDelivery(event);
}
案例:
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING, priority = 2)
public void onMessageEvent2(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent2: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
EventBus.getDefault().cancelEventDelivery(messageEvent); // 取消事件传递
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING, priority = 3)
public void onMessageEvent3(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent3: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING, priority = 4)
public void onMessageEvent4(MessageEvent messageEvent) {
Log.e("xyh", "onMessageEvent4: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
07-13 15:30:43.362 7460-7460/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent4: main
07-13 15:30:43.362 7460-7460/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent3: main
07-13 15:30:43.362 7460-7460/com.xiaoyehai.test E/xyh: onMessageEvent2: main
EventBus封装
通常我们在使用EventBus的时候都是直接需要接收通信的Activity/Fragment中通过EventBus.getDefault().register(this)订阅事件,在需要发起通信的逻辑直接调用EventBus.getDefault().post(Object event)来发布事件。但是要是一个项目中有很多地方都使用EventBus来通信,比如重新登录后更新各个页面的登录状态,或者是接收到通知更新消息提示等,都这样直接使用的话代码重复率很高,并且呢,如果以后升级或者更换EventBus时,各个地方都要修改,这就比较麻烦了。因此我一般是将EventBus的发布和订阅封装到BaseActivity/BaseFragment中。
封装一下EventBus的订阅、取消订阅、发布等方法:
public class EventBusUtil {
public static void register(Object subscriber) {
EventBus.getDefault().register(subscriber);
}
public static void unregister(Object subscriber) {
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(subscriber);
}
public static void sendEvent(Event event) {
EventBus.getDefault().post(event);
}
public static void sendStickyEvent(Event event) {
EventBus.getDefault().postSticky(event);
}
// 其他
}
在BaseActivity/BaseFragment中的onCreate和onDestroy方法中订阅和取消订阅,这里添加了一个isRegisterEventBus()方法,默认返回false,即不订阅EventBus,子类Activity/Fragment如果需要订阅的话复写这个方法并返回true即可。
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
if (isRegisterEventBus()) {
EventBusUtil.register(this);
}
}
/**
* 是否注册事件分发
*
* @return true绑定EventBus事件分发,默认不绑定,子类需要绑定的话复写此方法返回true.
*/
protected boolean isRegisterEventBus() {
return false;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (isRegisterEventBus()) {
EventBusUtil.unregister(this);
}
}
定义事件Event:
public class Event<T> {
private int code;
private T data;
public Event(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public Event(int code, T data) {
this.code = code;
this.data = data;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public T getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(T data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
通过泛型指定事件通信过程中的数据类型,code为事件码,使用的时候给不同的事件类型指定不同的code。
在BaseActivity\BaseFragment中添加接收到EventBus的方法:
/**
* 是否注册事件分发
*
* @return true绑定EventBus事件分发,默认不绑定,子类需要绑定的话复写此方法返回true.
*/
protected boolean isRegisterEventBus() {
return false;
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void onEventBusCome(Event event) {
if (event != null) {
receiveEvent(event);
}
}
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN, sticky = true)
public void onStickyEventBusCome(Event event) {
if (event != null) {
receiveStickyEvent(event);
}
}
/**
* 接收到分发到事件
*
* @param event 事件
*/
protected void receiveEvent(Event event) {
}
/**
* 接受到分发的粘性事件
*
* @param event 粘性事件
*/
protected void receiveStickyEvent(Event event) {
}
根据自己项目的需求,在订阅了EventBus的Activity/Fragment中复写receiveEvent(Event event)或receiveStickyEvent(Event event)来处理接收到事件后的逻辑。
这里也可以不用在BaseActivty/BaseFragment中添加接受事件的方法(因为添加了过后不能确定的子类的Event泛型)。那么就直接在订阅的Activity/Fragment中给接收事件的方法添加EventBus对应的事件接受注解,并指定参数Event的泛型。
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void onEventReceived(Event<User> event) {
if (event != null && event.getCode() == C.EventCode.C) {
User user = event.getData();
}
}
在给定Event的code的时候最好在常量池中定义一个类专门用来定义不同类型的EventBus的code,这样在接收到EventBus的地方可以根据这些code值来判断Event的来源。
public final class C {
// EventBus Code
public static final class EventCode {
public static final int A = 0x111111;
public static final int B = 0x222222;
public static final int C = 0x333333;
public static final int D = 0x444444;
// other more
}
}
EventBus原理
反射+注解
EventBus源码解析
获取EventBus
发现是一个“双重校验锁”的单例模式。
/** Convenience singleton for apps using a process-wide EventBus instance. */
public static EventBus getDefault() {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
synchronized (EventBus.class) {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
defaultInstance = new EventBus();
}
}
}
return defaultInstance;
}
EventBus构造方法:初始化一些基础变量
public EventBus() {
this(DEFAULT_BUILDER);
}
EventBus(EventBusBuilder builder) {
logger = builder.getLogger();
subscriptionsByEventType = new HashMap<>();
typesBySubscriber = new HashMap<>();
stickyEvents = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
mainThreadSupport = builder.getMainThreadSupport();
mainThreadPoster = mainThreadSupport != null ? mainThreadSupport.createPoster(this) : null;
backgroundPoster = new BackgroundPoster(this);
asyncPoster = new AsyncPoster(this);
indexCount = builder.subscriberInfoIndexes != null ? builder.subscriberInfoIndexes.size() : 0;
subscriberMethodFinder = new SubscriberMethodFinder(builder.subscriberInfoIndexes,
builder.strictMethodVerification, builder.ignoreGeneratedIndex);
logSubscriberExceptions = builder.logSubscriberExceptions;
logNoSubscriberMessages = builder.logNoSubscriberMessages;
sendSubscriberExceptionEvent = builder.sendSubscriberExceptionEvent;
sendNoSubscriberEvent = builder.sendNoSubscriberEvent;
throwSubscriberException = builder.throwSubscriberException;
eventInheritance = builder.eventInheritance;
executorService = builder.executorService;
}
注册
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
private final SubscriberMethodFinder subscriberMethodFinder;
public void register(Object subscriber) {
// 得到当前要注册类的Class对象
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
// 根据Class查找当前类中订阅了事件的方法集合,即使用了Subscribe注解、有public修饰符、一个参数的方法
// SubscriberMethod类主要封装了符合条件方法的相关信息:
// Method对象、线程模式、事件类型、优先级、是否是粘性事等
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this) {
// 循环遍历订阅了事件的方法集合,以完成注册
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
}
}
}
SubscriberMethod
主要封装了符合条件方法的相关信息:Method对象、线程模式、事件类型、优先级、是否是粘性事等。
public class SubscriberMethod {
final Method method;
final ThreadMode threadMode;
final Class<?> eventType;
final int priority;
final boolean sticky;
/** Used for efficient comparison */
String methodString;
public SubscriberMethod(Method method, Class<?> eventType, ThreadMode threadMode, int priority, boolean sticky) {
this.method = method;
this.threadMode = threadMode;
this.eventType = eventType;
this.priority = priority;
this.sticky = sticky;
}
findSubscriberMethods
可以看到register()方法主要分为查找和注册两部分,首先来看查找的过程,从findSubscriberMethods()开始:
private static final Map<Class<?>, List<SubscriberMethod>> METHOD_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
// METHOD_CACHE是一个ConcurrentHashMap,直接保存了subscriberClass和对应SubscriberMethod的集合,以提高注册效率,赋值重复查找。
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
return subscriberMethods;
}
// 由于使用了默认的EventBusBuilder,则ignoreGeneratedIndex属性默认为false,即是否忽略注解生成器
if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
} else {
subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
}
// 如果对应类中没有符合条件的方法,则抛出异常
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
+ " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
} else {
// 保存查找到的订阅事件的方法
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
return subscriberMethods;
}
}
findSubscriberMethods()流程很清晰,即先从缓存中查找,如果找到则直接返回,否则去做下一步的查找过程,然后缓存查找到的集合,根据上边的注释可知findUsingInfo()方法会被调用:
findUsingInfo()方法
private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
// 初始状态下findState.clazz就是subscriberClass
while (findState.clazz != null) {
findState.subscriberInfo = getSubscriberInfo(findState);
// 条件不成立
if (findState.subscriberInfo != null) {
SubscriberMethod[] array = findState.subscriberInfo.getSubscriberMethods();
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : array) {
if (findState.checkAdd(subscriberMethod.method, subscriberMethod.eventType)) {
findState.subscriberMethods.add(subscriberMethod);
}
}
} else {
// 通过反射查找订阅事件的方法
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
}
// 修改findState.clazz为subscriberClass的父类Class,即需要遍历父类
findState.moveToSuperclass();
}
// 查找到的方法保存在了FindState实例的subscriberMethods集合中。
// 使用subscriberMethods构建一个新的List<SubscriberMethod>
// 释放掉findState
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}
findUsingInfo()方法会在当前要注册的类以及其父类中查找订阅事件的方法,这里出现了一个FindState类,它是SubscriberMethodFinder的内部类,用来辅助查找订阅事件的方法,具体的查找过程在findUsingReflectionInSingleClass()方法,它主要通过反射查找订阅事件的方法:
private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
Method[] methods;
try {
// This is faster than getMethods, especially when subscribers are fat classes like Activities
methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
} catch (Throwable th) {
// Workaround for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus/issues/149
methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
}
// 循环遍历当前类的方法,筛选出符合条件的
for (Method method : methods) {
// 获得方法的修饰符
int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
// 如果是public类型,但非abstract、static等
if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
// 获得当前方法所有参数的类型
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
// 如果当前方法只有一个参数
if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
// 如果当前方法使用了Subscribe注解
if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
// 得到该参数的类型
Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
// checkAdd()方法用来判断FindState的anyMethodByEventType map是否已经添加过以当前eventType为key的键值对,没添加过则返回true
if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
// 得到Subscribe注解的threadMode属性值,即线程模式
ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
// 创建一个SubscriberMethod对象,并添加到subscriberMethods集合
findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
}
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
"must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException(methodName +
" is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
}
}
}
getMethodsAndRelease():
private List<SubscriberMethod> getMethodsAndRelease(FindState findState) {
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<>(findState.subscriberMethods);
findState.recycle();
synchronized (FIND_STATE_POOL) {
for (int i = 0; i < POOL_SIZE; i++) {
if (FIND_STATE_POOL[i] == null) {
FIND_STATE_POOL[i] = findState;
break;
}
}
}
return subscriberMethods;
}
到此register()方法中findSubscriberMethods()流程就分析完了,我们已经找到了当前注册类及其父类中订阅事件的方法的集合。
接下来分析具体的注册流程,即register()中的subscribe()方法:
Subscription:保存了要注册的类对象以及当前的subscriberMethod。
private final Map<Class<?>, CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>> subscriptionsByEventType;
private final Map<Class<?>, Object> stickyEvents;
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
// 得到当前订阅了事件的方法的参数类型
Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
// Subscription类保存了要注册的类对象以及当前的subscriberMethod
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
// subscriptionsByEventType是一个HashMap,保存了以eventType为key,Subscription对象集合为value的键值对
// 先查找subscriptionsByEventType是否存在以当前eventType为key的值
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
// 如果不存在,则创建一个subscriptions,并保存到subscriptionsByEventType
if (subscriptions == null) {
subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
} else {
if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
+ eventType);
}
}
// 添加上边创建的newSubscription对象到subscriptions中
int size = subscriptions.size();
for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
break;
}
}
// typesBySubscribere也是一个HashMap,保存了以当前要注册类的对象为key,注册类中订阅事件的方法的参数类型的集合为value的键值对
// 查找是否存在对应的参数类型集合
List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
// 不存在则创建一个subscribedEvents,并保存到typesBySubscriber
if (subscribedEvents == null) {
subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
}
// 保存当前订阅了事件的方法的参数类型
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
// 粘性事件相关的,后边具体分析
if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
if (eventInheritance) {
// Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
// Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
// thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
// (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
} else {
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
}
这就是注册的核心流程,所以subscribe()方法主要是得到了subscriptionsByEventType、typesBySubscriber两个 HashMap。我们在发送事件的时候要用到subscriptionsByEventType,完成事件的处理。当取消 EventBus 注册的时候要用到typesBySubscriber、subscriptionsByEventType,完成相关资源的释放。
取消注册
接下来看,EventBus 如何取消注册:
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
public synchronized void unregister(Object subscriber) {
// 得到当前注册类对象 对应的 订阅事件方法的参数类型 的集合
List<Class<?>> subscribedTypes = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedTypes != null) {
// 遍历参数类型集合,释放之前缓存的当前类中的Subscription
for (Class<?> eventType : subscribedTypes) {
unsubscribeByEventType(subscriber, eventType);
}
// 删除以subscriber为key的键值对
typesBySubscriber.remove(subscriber);
} else {
logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Subscriber to unregister was not registered before: " + subscriber.getClass());
}
}
内容很简单,继续看unsubscribeByEventType()方法:
private void unsubscribeByEventType(Object subscriber, Class<?> eventType) {
// 得到当前参数类型对应的Subscription集合
List<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
if (subscriptions != null) {
int size = subscriptions.size();
// 遍历Subscription集合
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Subscription subscription = subscriptions.get(i);
// 如果当前subscription对象对应的注册类对象 和 要取消注册的注册类对象相同,则删除当前subscription对象
if (subscription.subscriber == subscriber) {
subscription.active = false;
subscriptions.remove(i);
i--;
size--;
}
}
}
}
所以在unregister()方法中,释放了typesBySubscriber、subscriptionsByEventType中缓存的资源。
发送事件
当发送一个事件的时候,我们可以通过如下方式:
public void post(Object event) {
// currentPostingThreadState是一个PostingThreadState类型的ThreadLocal
// PostingThreadState类保存了事件队列和线程模式等信息
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
// 将要发送的事件添加到事件队列
eventQueue.add(event);
// isPosting默认为false
if (!postingState.isPosting) {
// 是否为主线程
postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
postingState.isPosting = true;
if (postingState.canceled) {
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
}
try {
// 遍历事件队列
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
// 发送单个事件
// eventQueue.remove(0),从事件队列移除事件
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
}
} finally {
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState.isMainThread = false;
}
}
}
所以post()方法先将发送的事件保存的事件队列,然后通过循环出队列,将事件交给postSingleEvent()方法处理:
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
// eventInheritance默认为true,表示是否向上查找事件的父类
if (eventInheritance) {
// 查找当前事件类型的Class,连同当前事件类型的Class保存到集合
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
// 遍历Class集合,继续处理事件
for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
}
} else {
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
}
if (!subscriptionFound) {
if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
}
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
}
}
}
postSingleEvent()方法中,根据eventInheritance属性,决定是否向上遍历事件的父类型,然后用postSingleEventForEventType()方法进一步处理事件:
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
synchronized (this) {
// 获取事件类型对应的Subscription集合
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
}
// 如果已订阅了对应类型的事件
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
// 记录事件
postingState.event = event;
// 记录对应的subscription
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
try {
// 最终的事件处理
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
postSingleEventForEventType()方法核心就是遍历发送的事件类型对应的Subscription集合,然后调用postToSubscription()方法处理事件。
处理事件
接着上边的继续分析,postToSubscription()内部会根据订阅事件方法的线程模式,间接或直接的以发送的事件为参数,通过反射执行订阅事件的方法。
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
// 判断订阅事件方法的线程模式
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
// 默认的线程模式,在那个线程发送事件就在那个线程处理事件
case POSTING:
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
// 在主线程处理事件
case MAIN:
// 如果在主线程发送事件,则直接在主线程通过反射处理事件
if (isMainThread) {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
} else {
// 如果是在子线程发送事件,则将事件入队列,通过Handler切换到主线程执行处理事件
// mainThreadPoster 不为空
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
}
break;
// 无论在那个线程发送事件,都先将事件入队列,然后通过 Handler 切换到主线程,依次处理事件。
// mainThreadPoster 不为空
case MAIN_ORDERED:
if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case BACKGROUND:
// 如果在主线程发送事件,则先将事件入队列,然后通过线程池依次处理事件
if (isMainThread) {
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
// 如果在子线程发送事件,则直接在发送事件的线程通过反射处理事件
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
// 无论在那个线程发送事件,都将事件入队列,然后通过线程池处理。
case ASYNC:
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
}
}
可以看到,postToSubscription()方法就是根据订阅事件方法的线程模式、以及发送事件的线程来判断如何处理事件,至于处理方式主要有两种:
一种是在相应线程直接通过invokeSubscriber()方法,用反射来执行订阅事件的方法,这样发送出去的事件就被订阅者接收并做相应处理了:
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
try {
subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
}
}
另外一种是先将事件入队列(其实底层是一个List),然后做进一步处理,我们以mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event)为例简单的分析下,其中mainThreadPoster是HandlerPoster类的一个实例,来看该类的主要实现:
public class HandlerPoster extends Handler implements Poster {
private final PendingPostQueue queue;
private boolean handlerActive;
......
public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
// 用subscription和event封装一个PendingPost对象
PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
synchronized (this) {
// 入队列
queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
if (!handlerActive) {
handlerActive = true;
// 发送开始处理事件的消息,handleMessage()方法将被执行,完成从子线程到主线程的切换
if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
}
}
}
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
boolean rescheduled = false;
try {
long started = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
// 死循环遍历队列
while (true) {
// 出队列
PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
......
// 进一步处理pendingPost
eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
......
}
} finally {
handlerActive = rescheduled;
}
}
}
所以HandlerPoster的enqueue()方法主要就是将subscription、event对象封装成一个PendingPost对象,然后保存到队列里,之后通过Handler切换到主线程,在handleMessage()方法将中将PendingPost对象循环出队列,交给invokeSubscriber()方法进一步处理:
void invokeSubscriber(PendingPost pendingPost) {
Object event = pendingPost.event;
Subscription subscription = pendingPost.subscription;
// 释放pendingPost引用的资源
PendingPost.releasePendingPost(pendingPost);
if (subscription.active) {
// 用反射来执行订阅事件的方法
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
}
这个方法很简单,主要就是从pendingPost中取出之前保存的event、subscription,然后用反射来执行订阅事件的方法,又回到了第一种处理方式。所以mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event)的核心就是先将将事件入队列,然后通过Handler从子线程切换到主线程中去处理事件。
backgroundPoster.enqueue()和asyncPoster.enqueue也类似,内部都是先将事件入队列,然后再出队列,但是会通过线程池去进一步处理事件。
发送粘性事件:postSticky
private final Map<Class<?>, Object> stickyEvents;
stickyEvents = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
public void postSticky(Object event) {
synchronized (stickyEvents) {
stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);
}
// Should be posted after it is putted, in case the subscriber wants to remove immediately
post(event);
}
所谓粘性事件就是在事件发送时,接收者还不存在,当接收方注册的时候再处理该事件。
粘性事件的接收,在我们调用postSticky,会把粘性事件先保存下来:
stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);
当EventBus遍历订阅方法时根据注解判断当前方法是否是sticky,如果是的:
if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
if (eventInheritance) {
// Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
// Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
// thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
// (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
} else {
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
就拿到这个粘性事件,直接调用该订阅方法:
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);