k8s界面化安装与备份、升级

已于 2022-04-23 00:16:24 修改
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文章标签： kubernetes
于 2022-04-23 00:07:29 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37147253/article/details/124357694
本文档详细介绍了在Kubernetes集群中部署CoreDNS服务的过程，包括下载二进制文件、解压、配置及创建Pod。同时，展示了如何部署和配置Kubernetes Dashboard，包括修改yaml文件、替换镜像源和端口、创建管理账号等。此外，还涵盖了etcd的数据备份与还原，以及使用kubeasz进行节点备份、删除Pod、还原和升级操作。最后，讨论了如何添加新节点到集群以及升级现有节点的操作步骤。

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安装coredns
通过github获取kubernetes二进制文件（kubernetes.tar.gz、kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz，kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz，kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz）
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.23.md#downloads-for-v1235

#解压二进制文件包
tar -zxvf kubernetes.tar.gz kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
#拷贝yaml文件到当前目录
/root/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dns/coredns/coredns.yaml.base ./coredns.yaml
#修改配置文件
#clusterIP信息可通过任意pod的/etc/resolv.conf文件获取
...
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
            lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes kubedocker.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
            pods insecure
            fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
            ttl 30
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
            max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }

...
     containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.8.7
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 80Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
...
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.100.0.2
...
#创建coreDnspod
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
#修改副本数
kubectl edit deployments coredns -n kube-system

部署dashboard

#yaml文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.5.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
#修改镜像源与监听端口
...
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30043
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

...
containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: docker-harbor.com/kubernetesui/dashboard@sha256:0c82e96241aa683fe2f8fbdf43530e22863ac8bfaddb0d7d30b4e3a639d4e8c5
          imagePullPolicy: Always
...
containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: docker-harbor.com/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper@sha256:76eb73afa0198ac457c760887ed7ebfa2f58adc09205bd9667b3f76652077a71

...
#任意docker节点pull镜像
docker pull kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.5.1
docker pull kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7
#修改tag
docker tag kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7 docker-harbor.com/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7
docker tag kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.5.1 docker-harbor.com/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.5.1 
#push镜像
docker push docker-harbor.com/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.5.1
docker push docker-harbor.com/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7
#部署dashboard
kubectl apply -f dashboard-2.5.1.yaml
#验证部署情况
kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard  -o wide
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP               NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dashboard-metrics-scraper-5488b94959-zhhlt   1/1     Running   0          95m    10.200.135.137   192.168.74.147   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-dashboard-778987578c-vvd55        1/1     Running   0          108m   10.200.100.65    192.168.74.149   <none>           <none>
#创建管理员账号
kubectl apply -f admin-user.yaml
#获取token
kubectl get secrets  -n kubernetes-dashboard

NAME                               TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
admin-user-token-7klgc             kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      2d1h
default-token-j8lq7                kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      2d2h
kubernetes-dashboard-certs         Opaque                                0      2d2h
kubernetes-dashboard-csrf          Opaque                                1      2d2h
kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder    Opaque                                2      2d2h
kubernetes-dashboard-token-tkqnx   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      2d2h

kubectl describe secrets admin-user-token-7klgc -n kubernetes-dashboard

登录dashboard
dashboard界面信息

单节点etcd备份与还原

#查看etcd状态
export NODE_IPS="192.168.74.144 192.168.74.145 192.168.74.146"
for ip in ${NODE_IPS};do ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table endpoint status --endpoints=https://${ip}:2379 --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem;done
#节点数据备份
etcdctl snapshot save snapshot.db
-rw------- 1 root root 4272160 4月  22 21:01 snapshot.db
#节点数据还原
etcdctl snapshot restore snapshot.db --data-dir=/tmp/etcd/data
/tmp/etcd/data/member/snap/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    6490 4月  22 21:09 0000000000000001-0000000000000001.snap
-rw------- 1 root root 4272128 4月  22 21:09 db
-rw------- 1 root root 64000000 4月  22 21:09 /tmp/etcd/data/member/wal/0000000000000000-0000000000000000.wal

kubeazs备份集群节点与还原

#集群备份
./ezctl backup k8s-cluster1
ll clusters/k8s-cluster1/backup/
总用量 8216
-rw------- 1 root root 4202528 4月  22 21:21 snapshot_202204222121.db
-rw------- 1 root root 4202528 4月  22 21:21 snapshot.db
#删除pod
get pod -n linux66  -o wide
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP               NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
linux66-nginx-deployment-7d8d8dcdf4-pbqn7   1/1     Running   0          3m55s   10.200.169.136   192.168.74.148   <none>           <none>
kubectl  delete -f nginx.yaml 
deployment.apps "linux66-nginx-deployment" deleted
service "linux66-nginx-service" deleted
kubectl get pod -n linux66  -o wide
No resources found in linux66 namespace.
#还原
./ezctl restore k8s-cluster1
kubectl get pod -n linux66  -o wide
NAME                                        READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE     IP       NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
linux66-nginx-deployment-7d8d8dcdf4-pbqn7   0/1     ContainerCreating   1          7m27s   <none>   192.168.74.148   <none>           <none>

master与node节点升级

#升级master
#停止master节点服务
systemctl  stop kube-apiserver.service kube-controller-manager.service  kube-scheduler.service  kube-proxy.service kubelet.service
#拷贝文件到bin目录
cd /root/kubernetes/server/bin/
cp  kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager  kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy kubectl /usr/local/bin/
#启动master节点服务
systemctl  restart kube-apiserver.service kube-controller-manager.service  kube-scheduler.service  kube-proxy.service kubelet.service
#验证版本
kubectl get nodes
NAME             STATUS                     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
192.168.74.144   Ready,SchedulingDisabled   master   5d20h   v1.23.5
192.168.74.145   Ready,SchedulingDisabled   master   5d20h   v1.23.1
192.168.74.146   Ready,SchedulingDisabled   master   5d20h   v1.23.1
192.168.74.147   Ready                      node     5d20h   v1.23.1
192.168.74.148   Ready                      node     5d20h   v1.23.1
#升级node节点
#驱逐pod
kubectl  drain 192.168.74.147 --force --ignore-daemonsets  --delete-emptydir-data
#停止node节点服务
systemctl  stop kubelet.service  kube-proxy.service
#拷贝二进制文件到node节点
scp kubelet kube-proxy kubectl 192.168.74.147:/usr/local/bin/
#重启node节点服务
systemctl  restart kubelet.service  kube-proxy.service
#取消node节点SchedulingDisabled状态
kubectl  uncordon  192.168.74.147
#替换kubeazss二进制文件
cp  kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager  kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy kubectl /etc/kubeasz/bin/

node节点扩容


#初始化node节点
#升级系统内核
# 载入公钥
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
# 安装ELRepo
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
# 载入elrepo-kernel元数据
yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel repolist
# 安装长期支持版本的kernel
yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-lt.x86_64
# 删除旧版本工具包
yum remove kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 kernel-tools.x86_64 -y
# 安装新版本工具包
#默认启动的顺序是从0开始，新内核是从头插入（目前位置在0，而4.4.4的是在1），所以需要选择0。
grub2-set-default 0  
#重启并检查
reboot
#添加node节点免密登录
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.put 192.168.74.149
#通过kubeazs扩容node节点
./ezctl add-node k8s-cluster1 192.168.74.149
#验证扩容节点信息
kubectl get nodes

NAME             STATUS                     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
192.168.74.144   Ready,SchedulingDisabled   master   5d21h   v1.23.5
192.168.74.145   Ready,SchedulingDisabled   master   5d21h   v1.23.5
192.168.74.146   Ready,SchedulingDisabled   master   5d21h   v1.23.5
192.168.74.147   Ready                      node     5d21h   v1.23.5
192.168.74.148   Ready                      node     5d21h   v1.23.5
192.168.74.149   Ready                      node     23m     v1.23.5
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