设计模式学习（六）命令模式

命令模式

  将“请求”封装成对象，以便使用不同的请求、队列或者日志来参数化其他对象。命令模式也支持可撤销的操作。

举例

  设计遥控器，分别装有7组“开”与“关”按钮来控制多个设备，还需要支持整体的撤销功能。

  1.首先，我们需要实现命令的接口

public interface Command {

    public void execute();

    public void undo();
}

  2.分别实现开灯、关灯、开关电风扇等命令

public class LightOffCommand implements Command{

    Light light;

    //传入对象，以便后续方法中调用
    public LightOffCommand(Light light) {
        this.light = light;
    }
    @Override
    public void execute() {
        light.off();
    }

    @Override
    public void undo() {
        light.on();
    }
}

public class CeilingFanOffCommand implements Command {

    Fan fan;

    public CeilingFanOffCommand(Fan fan) {
        this.fan = fan;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        fan.off();
    }

    @Override
    public void undo() {
        fan.on();
    }
}

  3.如果不满足单一命令调用，我们完全可以自定义命令

public class MacroCommand implements Command{

    public Command[] commands;

    //自定义命令集合
    public MacroCommand(Command[] commands) {
        this.commands = commands;
    }

    //调用所有命令的执行
    @Override
    public void execute() {
        for (Command command : commands) {
            command.execute();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void undo() {
        for (Command command : commands) {
            command.undo();
        }
    }
}

  4.实现遥控器

public class RemoteControl {

    //记录所有命令操作
    Command[] onCommands;
    Command[] offCommands;
    //记录最近一次操作，方法撤销
    Command undoCommand;

    public RemoteControl() {
        onCommands = new Command[7];
        offCommands = new Command[7];

        Command noCommand = new NoCommand();

        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            onCommands[i] = noCommand;
            offCommands[i] = noCommand;
        }
        undoCommand = new NoCommand();
    }

    public void setCommands(int slot, Command onCommand, Command offCommand) {
        onCommands[slot] = onCommand;
        offCommands[slot] = offCommand;
    }

    public void  onButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
        onCommands[slot].execute();
        undoCommand = onCommands[slot];
    }

    public void offButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
        offCommands[slot].execute();
        undoCommand = offCommands[slot];
    }

    public void undoButtonWasPushed() {
        undoCommand.undo();
    }
}

  5.测试

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl();

        Light livingLight = new LivingRoomLight();
        Light kitchenLight = new KitchenLight();
        Fan  fan = new Fan();

        //创建命令对象
        LightOnCommand livingLightOn = new LightOnCommand(livingLight);
        LightOnCommand kitchenLightOn = new LightOnCommand(kitchenLight);
        LightOffCommand livingLightOff = new LightOffCommand(livingLight);
        LightOffCommand kitchenLightOff = new LightOffCommand(kitchenLight);

        CeilingFanOnCommand fanOnCommand = new CeilingFanOnCommand(fan);
        CeilingFanOffCommand fanOffCommand = new CeilingFanOffCommand(fan);

        //将命令组合成一个
        Command[] partyOn = {livingLightOn, kitchenLightOn, fanOnCommand};
        Command[] partyOff = {livingLightOff, kitchenLightOff, fanOffCommand};
        MacroCommand macroOnCommand = new MacroCommand(partyOn);
        MacroCommand macroOffCommand = new MacroCommand(partyOff);


        //将命令加载到控制中
        remoteControl.setCommands(0, livingLightOn, livingLightOff);
        remoteControl.setCommands(1, kitchenLightOn, kitchenLightOff);
        remoteControl.setCommands(2, fanOnCommand, fanOffCommand);
        remoteControl.setCommands(3, macroOnCommand, macroOffCommand);

        //测试
        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);
        remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1);
        remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed();
        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(1);
        remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(2);
    }
}