Oracle笔记2（过滤和排序）_sal between 2000 and 1000-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37869130/article/details/81128423

本文介绍了SQL查询的基本语法和一些实用技巧，包括条件筛选、模糊查询、排序等操作，并详细解释了如何处理NULL值。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

SQL> --查询10号部门的员工
SQL> select *
2 from emp
3 where deptno=10;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

SQL> --字符串大小写敏感
SQL> --查询名叫KING的员工
SQL> select *
2 from mep
3 /
from mep
*
第 2 行出现错误:
ORA-00942: 表或视图不存在

SQL> ed
已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *
2 from emp
3* where ename='KING'
SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

SQL> ed
已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *
2 from emp
3* where ename='King'
SQL> /

未选定行

SQL> --日期格式敏感
SQL> --查询入职日期是17-11月-81的员工
SQL> select *
2 from emp
3 where hiredate='17-11月-81';

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

SQL> ed
已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *
2 from emp
3* where hiredate='1981-11-17'
SQL> /
where hiredate='1981-11-17'
*
第 3 行出现错误:
ORA-01861: 文字与格式字符串不匹配

SQL> --修改日期格式
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;

PARAMETER
----------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
----------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE

NLS_TERRITORY
CHINA

NLS_CURRENCY
￥

PARAMETER
----------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
----------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY
CHINA

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS
.,

NLS_CALENDAR
GREGORIAN

PARAMETER
----------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
----------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_DATE_FORMAT
DD-MON-RR

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE

NLS_CHARACTERSET
ZHS16GBK

PARAMETER
----------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
----------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_SORT
BINARY

NLS_TIME_FORMAT
HH.MI.SSXFF AM

NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT
DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM

PARAMETER
----------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
----------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT
HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT
DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY
￥

PARAMETER
----------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
----------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET
AL16UTF16

NLS_COMP
BINARY

NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS
BYTE

PARAMETER
----------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
----------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP
FALSE

已选择 19 行。

SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;

PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_TERRITORY CHINA
NLS_CURRENCY ￥
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY CHINA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM

PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY ￥
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE

已选择 19 行。

SQL> alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd';

会话已更改。

SQL> select *
2 from emp
3 where hiredate='1981-11-17';

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 5000 10

SQL> select *
2 from emp
3 where hiredate='17-11月-81';
where hiredate='17-11月-81'
*
第 3 行出现错误:
ORA-01861: 文字与格式字符串不匹配

SQL> alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT='DD-MON-RR';

会话已更改。

SQL> host cls

SQL> --between and
SQL> --查询薪水1000~2000之间的员工
SQL> select *
2 from emp
3 where sal between 1000 and 2000;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 6 行。

SQL> ed
已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *
2 from emp
3* where sal between 2000 and 1000
SQL> /

未选定行

SQL> --between and: 1.含有边界 2.小值在前大值在后
SQL> host cls

SQL> --in 在集合中
SQL> --查询10和20号部门的员工
SQL> select *
2 from emp
3 where deptno in (10,20);

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 8 行。

SQL> --查询不是10和20号部门的员工
SQL> ed
已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *
2 from emp
3* where deptno not in (10,20)
SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

已选择 6 行。

SQL> --null值 3、如果集合中含有null，不能使用not in；但可以使用in
SQL> ed
已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *
2 from emp
3* where deptno not in (10,20,null)
SQL> /

未选定行

SQL> ed
已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *
2 from emp
3* where deptno in (10,20,null)
SQL> /