Java 增强版的JFrame学生管理系统

解决 Derby 数据库初始化依赖问题

当引入依赖后依然报错时，通常是由于依赖配置不正确、版本冲突或环境问题导致的。下面我将提供一个完整的解决方案，包括详细的依赖配置和增强的数据库连接代码。

完整的解决方案

1. 添加正确的 Maven 依赖

在 pom.xml 中添加以下依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Derby 数据库驱动 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
        <artifactId>derby</artifactId>
        <version>10.15.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
        <artifactId>derbyshared</artifactId>
        <version>10.15.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
        <artifactId>derbytools</artifactId>
        <version>10.15.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Swing 相关依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.formdev</groupId>
        <artifactId>flatlaf</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.1</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 增强的数据库连接工具类

package com.example.studentdb;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class DerbyDBUtil {
   
   
    private static final String DB_NAME = "studentDB";
    private static final String DB_DIR = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/db";
    private static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:derby:" + DB_DIR + "/" + DB_NAME + ";create=true";
    
    private static Connection connection;
    
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
   
   
        if (connection == null || connection.isClosed()) {
   
   
            // 确保数据库目录存在
            java.io.File dbDir = new java.io.File(DB_DIR);
            if (!dbDir.exists()) {
   
   
                dbDir.mkdirs();
            }
            
            // 设置 Derby 系统目录
            System.setProperty("derby.system.home", DB_DIR);
            
            try {
   
   
                // 尝试加载驱动
                Class.forName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
   
   
                throw new SQLException("Derby JDBC Driver not found", e);
            }
            
            // 设置连接属性
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.put("user", "admin");
            props.put("password", "admin123");
            props.put("create", "true");
            
            // 创建连接
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, props);
        }
        return connection;
    }
    
    public static void initializeDatabase() throws SQLException {
   
   
        try (Connection conn = getConnection();
             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
   
   
            
            // 检查表是否存在
            if (!tableExists(conn, "STUDENTS")) {
   
   
                // 创建学生表
                String createTableSQL = "CREATE TABLE STUDENTS (" +
                                       "ID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY, " +
                                       "NAME VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, " +
                                       "GENDER VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, " +
                                       "AGE INTEGER NOT NULL)";
                stmt.executeUpdate(createTableSQL);
                
                // 插入示例数据
                insertSampleData(conn);
            }
        }
    }
    
    private static boolean tableExists(Connection conn, String tableName) throws SQLException {
   
   
        DatabaseMetaData dbmd = conn.getMetaData();
        try (ResultSet rs = dbmd.getTables(null, null, tableName.toUpperCase(), new String[]{
   
   "TABLE"})) {
   
   
            return rs.next();
        }
    }
    
    private static void insertSampleData(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
   
   
        String sql = "INSERT INTO STUDENTS (ID, NAME, GENDER, AGE) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)";
        try (PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
   
   
            insertStudent(pstmt, "S001", "张三", "男", 20);
            insertStudent(pstmt, "S002", "李四", "女", 21);
            insertStudent(pstmt, "S003", "王五", "男", 22);
            insertStudent(pstmt, "S004", "赵六", "男", 19);
            insertStudent(pstmt, "S005", "钱七", "女", 20);
        }
    }
    
    private static void insertStudent(PreparedStatement pstmt, String id, String name, String gender, int age) 
            throws SQLException {
   
   
        pstmt.setString(1, id);
        pstmt.setString(2, name);
        pstmt.setString(3, gender);
        pstmt.setInt(4, age);
        pstmt.executeUpdate();
    }
    
    public static void shutdownDatabase() {
   
   
        try {
   
   
            if