JavaScript 对象

原创已于 2022-11-18 17:54:19 修改 · 618 阅读

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#javascript #开发语言

于 2022-11-18 17:22:54 首次发布

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本文详细介绍JavaScript中对象的创建、访问、修改及删除等操作，并举例说明如何处理JSON对象。

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创建变量

// 创建变量
var car = "porsche";

创建对象

1、使用{}创建对象

// 创建对象：
var person = {firstName:"Bill", lastName:"Gates", age:62, eyeColor:"blue"};
var firstName = person.firstName;  // Bill

2、使用new创建对象

var person = new Object();
person.firstName = "Bill";
person.lastName = "Gates";
person.age = 50;
person.eyeColor = "blue"; 
var firstName  = person.firstName;  // Bill

3、使用构造器创建对象

// Person 对象的构造器函数
function Person(first, last, age, eye) {
  this.firstName = first;
  this.lastName = last;
  this.age = age;
  this.eyeColor = eye;
}

// 创建 Person 对象
var myFriend = new Person("Bill", "Gates", 23, "blue");
var age = myFriend.age;  // 23

对象的参数值是易变的

//创建对象
var person = {firstName:"Bill", lastName:"Gates", age:23, eyeColor:"blue"}
//将该赋给x
var x = person;
x.age = 10;
//取值
var age = person.age;  // 10

访问对象

1、使用.property访问对象的属性

var person = {
  firstname:"Bill",
  lastname:"Gates",
  age:23,
  eyecolor:"blue"
};

var firstname = person.firstname;   // Bill

2、使用 ["property"]访问对象的属性

var person = {
  firstname:"Bill",
  lastname:"Gates",
  age:23,
  eyecolor:"blue"
};

var firstname = person["firstname"];   // Bill

3、使用for in 访问对象的属性

var person = { fname: "Bill", lname: "Gates", age: 62 };
var x;
for (x in person) {
    console.log(x + "：" + person[x]);
}
// fname：Bill
// lname：Gates
// age：62

向对象中添加新属性

var person = {
  firstname:"Bill",
  lastname:"Gates",
  age:62,
  eyecolor:"blue"
};
//添加新属性
person.nationality = "English";
//访问新属性
var nationality  = person.nationality;   // English

删除对象中的属性

var person = {
  firstname:"Bill",
  lastname:"Gates",
  age:62,
  eyecolor:"blue"
};
//删除属性
delete person.age;
//打印对象
var x;
for (x in person) {
    console.log(x + "：" + person[x]);
}
//firstname：Bill
//lastname：Gates
//eyecolor：blue

//打印已删除的属性
var age = person.age;    //不存在了，报错日志： Bill is undefined years old.

访问JSON对象

1、使用.property访问JSON对象的属性

var myObj = {"name":"Bill Gates", "age":23, "car":null};
var x = myObj.name;   // Bill Gates

2、使用 ["property"]访问JSON对象的属性

var myObj = {"name":"Bill Gates", "age":23, "car":null};
var x = myObj["name"];   // Bill Gates

3、使用for in 访问JSON对象的属性

var myObj = {"name":"Bill Gates", "age":62, "car":null};
var x;
for (x in myObj) {
    console.log(x + "：" + myObj[x]);
}
//name：Bill Gates
//age：62
//car：null

4、访问嵌套的 JSON 对象的属性

var myObj = {
  "name":"Bill Gates",
  "age":62,
  "cars": {
  "car1":"Porsche",
  "car2":"BMW",
  "car3":"Volvo"
  }
}
//使用.property访问
var car3 = myObj.cars.car3;   // Volvo
//使用 ["property"]访问
var car3 = myObj.cars["car3"];   // Volvo

修改JSON对象中属性的值

1、使用.property修改

var myObj = {
    "name": "Bill Gates",
    "age": 23,
    "cars": {
        "car1": "Porsche",
        "car2": "BMW",
        "car3": "Volvo"
    }
}
myObj.cars.car2 = "Mercedes Benz";
var i;
for (i in myObj.cars) {
    console.log(i + ":" + myObj.cars[i]);
}
//car1:Porsche
//car2:Mercedes Benz
//car3:Volvo

2、使用 ["property"]修改

var myObj = {
    "name": "Bill Gates",
    "age": 23,
    "cars": {
        "car1": "Porsche",
        "car2": "BMW",
        "car3": "Volvo"
    }
}
myObj.cars["car2"] = "Mercedes Benz";
var i;
for (i in myObj.cars) {
    console.log(i + ":" + myObj.cars[i]);
}
//car1:Porsche
//car2:Mercedes Benz
//car3:Volvo

删除JSON对象中属性

var myObj = {
    "name": "Bill Gates",
    "age": 23,
    "cars": {
        "car1": "Porsche",
        "car2": "BMW",
        "car3": "Volvo"
    }
}
delete myObj.cars.car3;
var i;
for (i in myObj.cars) {
    console.log(i + ":" + myObj.cars[i]);
}
//car1:Porsche
//car2:Mercedes Benz