1、整体架构的选择
首先根据需求,我这边使用的是springboot+netty的架构,使用了一个串口转网口的转换模块。为什么这么使用?部署的时候使用的是Linux的系统,在Linux下安装驱动比较麻烦,所以网口可以节省大量的服务器配置时间。为什么使用netty?不少使用过netty的人都知道,netty是一个异步非阻塞的框架,具体优势可以自己去查看一下,是一个功能非常强大的框架。转换模块使用的是有人的模块,淘宝上购买就行,也使用过其他厂家的模块,例如亿佰特,使用起来就没有人的好用,有人的模块还是相当做的成熟的。
2、什么是modbus
提到485通信,大家就会想到modbus协议,Modbus 协议是应用于电子控制器上的一种通用语言。此处不过多讲解,这里我们使用的是modbus-rtu协议,这块后面会单独写一篇。
3、代码解析
对这个架构有了一定的了解之后,我们就可以开始上代码了,首先我们要定义好服务端和客户端,如果我们这边的程序设置为服务端,模块就要设置为客户端,这个最后实现的效果是一样的,我本人更倾向于把程序这边设置为服务端。
3.1服务端监听
监听程序会监听客户端连接
import com.nari.sea.serialport.config.ServerChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
@Component
public class NettyServer {
private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NettyServer.class);
public void start(InetSocketAddress address) {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(4);
try {
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap()
.group(bossGroup,workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.localAddress(address)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.childHandler(new ServerChannelInitializer())
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
//开启长连接
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
// 绑定端口,开始接收进来的连接
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(address).sync();
logger.info("Server start listen at " + address.getPort());
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
3.2netty心跳机制
这个里面的都是可自行根据需求配置的,netty默认的判断客户端离线是两个小时,通过下面的代码我们可以设置为几秒、几分钟,下面四个参数分别是读、写、全、时间类型。
channel.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(1, 0, 0, TimeUnit.MINUTES));
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel channel) throws Exception {
channel.pipeline().addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1));
channel.pipeline().addLast("encoder",new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1));
//设置n分钟判断离线
channel.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(1, 0, 0, TimeUnit.MINUTES));
//粘包长度控制
channel.pipeline().addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE,0,4));
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
}
3.3具体实现
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import java.util.List;
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
//超时连接
private int lossConnectCount = 0;
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
System.out.println("channelActive----->");
}
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent){
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent)evt;
//只判断读
if (event.state()== IdleState.READER_IDLE){
lossConnectCount++;
if (lossConnectCount>5){
System.out.println("关闭不活跃通道!");
ctx.channel().close();
}
System.out.println("已经"+lossConnectCount+"分钟未收到客户端的消息了!");
}
}else {
super.userEventTriggered(ctx,evt);
}
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{
//客户端退出连接
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
lossConnectCount = 0;
System.out.println("server channelRead......");
String m= (String) msg;
//判断通信
ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(m, CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1);
byte [] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(bytes);//复制内容到字节数组bytes
String returnData = bytes2HexString(bytes); //将byte数组转为16进制字符串
System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"----->Server :"+ returnData);
if(returnData != null && !"".equals(returnData)){
if(HexUtil.checkData(returnData)){
//具体的逻辑代码
}
}
//将客户端的信息直接返回写入ctx
//刷新缓存区
}
private String bytes2HexString(byte[] b) {
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
String hex;
for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
hex = Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 0xFF);
if (hex.length() == 1) {
hex = '0' + hex;
}
result.append(hex.toUpperCase());
}
return result.toString();
}
private String hexString2String(String hex, String charset) {
byte[] bs = new byte[hex.length()/2];
for(int i=0; i<bs.length; i++) {
bs[i] = (byte)(0xff&Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(i*2,i*2+2),16));
}
try{
hex = new String(bs, charset);
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return hex;
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
3.4如何在netty中引入service
逻辑实现代码中,我们难免要引入一些service,这时候我们就需要在实现代码中这样操作了
@Component
public class SerialPortDealData {
@Autowired
private ModeManService modeManService;
//声明对象
private static SerialPortDealData serialPortDealData;
// 初始化
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
serialPortDealData = this;
serialPortDealData.modeManService = this.modeManService;
}
//逻辑代码
}
3.5如何启动netty
netty在springboot中的启动有很多,这里介绍其中一种
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan//防止 @WebListener 无效
@MapperScan(basePackages ={""})
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {""})
@EnableAsync//注意这里,这个注解启用了线程池
public class SeaApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer implements CommandLineRunner{
@Value("${netty.port}")
private int port;
@Value("${netty.url}")
private String url;
@Autowired
private NettyServer server;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SeaApplication.class, args);
}
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
return builder.sources(SeaApplication.class);
}
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress(url,port);
System.out.println("run .... . ... "+url);
server.start(address);
}
}
applicaion.yml配置文件
netty:
port: 5001
url: 127.0.0.1
4.致谢
到这里关于实现485通信的一种方法已经介绍完了,感谢你的阅读,有什么不足的地方请指导一下。最后说一下一些模拟工具,modbus poll-对应modbus slave,modbus scan,网络调试工具NetAssist.exe,串口调试工具等等