Express-Error Handling

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-22 15:12:36 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-07-22 15:12:36 发布 · 417 阅读

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这篇博客介绍了如何在Express中进行错误处理。新建了appError.js文件用于自定义错误，包括状态码和错误信息。在index.js中引入appError，并在异步操作中使用，确保即使发生错误，程序仍能继续执行。当遇到数据库如MongoDB的错误时，通过Try-Catch结构统一捕获并封装错误，例如Mongoose的错误打印。

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新建appError.js

可以获得自己设置的状态码和报错信息

class AppError extends Error {
    constructor(message, status) {
        super();
        this.message = message;
        this.status = status;
    }
}
module.exports = AppError;

index.js:

导入appError：

const AppError = require('./AppError');

使用：

const verifyPassword = (req, res, next) => {
    const { password } = req.query;
    if (password === 'chickennugget') {
        next();
    }
    throw new AppError('password required', 401);
    // res.send("PASSWORD NEEDED!")
    // throw new AppError('Password required!', 400)
}

app.get('/admin', (req, res) => {
    throw new AppError('You are not an Admin!', 403)
})

//写在最后
//status = 500, message = 'Something Went Wrong' 为默认状态
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
    const { status = 500, message = 'Something Went Wrong' } = err;
    res.status(status).send(message)
})

异步Error

因为是中间件，所以一定要有next，且如果出错，则return next(new AppError(‘Product Not Found’, 404));这样整个程序还是能正常运行

app.get('/products/:id',async (req, res, next) => {
    const { id } = req.params;
    const product = await Product.findById(id)
    if (!product) {
       return next(new AppError('Product Not Found', 404));
    }
    res.render('products/show', { product })
})

数据库（mongo)报错

app.post('/products', async (req, res, next) => {
    try {
        const newProduct = new Product(req.body);
        await newProduct.save();
        res.redirect(`/products/${newProduct._id}`)
    } catch (e) {
        next(e);
    }
})

Try Catch 可以捕获一切Error，所以不管是数据库还是js出错都只用Try Catch就行：

app.get('/products/:id',async (req, res, next) => {
    try{
        const { id } = req.params;
    const product = await Product.findById(id)
    if (!product) {
       throw new AppError('Product Not Found', 404);
    }
    res.render('products/show', { product })
    }catch(e){
        next(e)
    }
})

所以可以进行封装：

function wrapAsync(fn) {
    return function (req, res, next) {
        fn(req, res, next).catch(e => next(e))
    }
}

app.post('/products', wrapAsync(async (req, res, next) => {
    const newProduct = new Product(req.body);
    await newProduct.save();
    res.redirect(`/products/${newProduct._id}`)
}))

app.get('/products/:id', wrapAsync(async (req, res, next) => {
    const { id } = req.params;
    const product = await Product.findById(id)
    if (!product) {
        throw new AppError('Product Not Found', 404);
    }
    res.render('products/show', { product })
}))

app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
    const { status = 500, message = 'Something went wrong' } = err;
    res.status(status).send(message);
})

Mongoose错误打印：

const handleValidationErr = err => {
    console.dir(err);
    //In a real app, we would do a lot more here...
    return new AppError(`Validation Failed...${err.message}`, 400)
}

app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
    console.log(err.name);
    //We can single out particular types of Mongoose Errors:
    if (err.name === 'ValidationError') err = handleValidationErr(err)
    next(err);
})

app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
    const { status = 500, message = 'Something went wrong' } = err;
    res.status(status).send(message);
})