Spring Data JPA 框架基础

Spring Data JPA 框架基础

Spirng Data JPA && JPA 规范 && Hibernate 之间的关系

ORM思想：Object Relational Mapping。对象关系映射。通过操作 POJO 对象达到操作数据库的目的。

Hibernate 框架：基于 ORM 思想封装了 JDBC操作。

JPA规范：Java Persistence API。由 SUN 公司提出的 Java 持久化 API。制定了一系列的接口和抽象类。Hibernate 框架满足 JPA 规范。

Spirng Data JPA：封装了 JPA 规范。利用满足 JPA 规范的 Hibernate 框架 进行数据持久化。

Spring Data JPA 应用

pom.xml

 <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
     <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
    <version>5.4.0.Final</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.46</version>
</dependency>

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">

    <!-- 读取配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"/>

    <!-- 配置连接池信息 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置 entityManagerFactory 类似 Mybatis 中的 SqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <!-- 配置数据源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!-- 配置 persistence 实体所在的包 fix:No persistence units parsed -->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.demo.pojo"/>
        <!-- 指定 JPA 的具体实现 fix:No PersistenceProvider specified in EntityManagerFactory configuration -->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
        </property>
        <!-- 配置 Hibernate 框架的执行细节 -->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <!-- 是否打印 SQL -->
                <property name="showSql" value="true"/>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置 JPA 使用的 dao 层接口所在包 -->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.demo.dao"/>

    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"/>
</beans>

编写实体类

@Entity
@Table(name = "tb_resume")
public class Resume {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id")
    private Long id;
    @Column(name = "name")
    private String name;
    @Column(name = "address")
    private String address;
    @Column(name = "phone")
    private String phone;
}

编写接口类

public interface ResumeDao extends JpaRepository<Resume, Long>{}

简单CRUD

// 根据ID查询
Optional<Resume> resumeOptional = resumeDao.findById(1L);

// 根据创建出来的条件查询
Resume resume = new Resume();
resume.setName("张三");
resume.setId(1L);
Example<Resume> resumeExample = Example.of(resume);
Optional<Resume> resumeOptional = resumeDao.findOne(resumeExample);

// 查询所有
List<Resume> resumeList = resumeDao.findAll();

// 如果给了主键就是更新；如果没给主键就是插入
// 返回的实体是插入或更新后的内容；含ID
// 如果传入的实体有的属性没有赋值 会 update 掉原有的值
Resume resume = new Resume();
resume.setName("李四");
resume.setId(1L);
Resume result = resumeDao.save(resume);

// 根据ID删除
// 删除没有返回值
resumeDao.deleteById(1L);

排序

//add properties "id" to fix:You have to provide at least one property to sort by!
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id");
List<Resume> resumeList = resumeDao.findAll(sort);

JPQL 查询方式

// interface ResumeDao 中添加
@Query("from Resume where id = ?1 and name like ?2")
List<Resume> findByJPQL(Long id, String name);

 List<Resume> resumeList = resumeDao.findByJPQL(2L, "%李%");

普通SQL查询方式

// interface ResumeDao 中添加
@Query(value = "select * from tb_resume where id = ?1 and name like ?2", nativeQuery = true)
List<Resume> findBySQL(Long id, String name);

 List<Resume> resumeList = resumeDao.findBySQL(2L, "%李%");

接口中定义方法查询方式

// interface ResumeDao 中添加
// 方法名以 find 开头 - 属性名（首字母大写）- 查询方式（模糊查询、等价查询），不写查询方式默认等价查询
List<Resume> findByIdAndNameLike(Long id, String name);

List<Resume> resumeList = resumeDao.findByIdAndNameLike(2L, "%李%");

动态查询 && 分页查询

// interface ResumeDao 需要继承 JpaSpecificationExecutor<Resume>

/*
	动态查询
	root 获取需要查询的对象属性
	CriteriaBuilder 构建查询条件
*/
Specification<Resume> specification = (Specification<Resume>) (root, query, criteriaBuilder) -> {
    Path<Object> id = root.get("id");
    Path<Object> name = root.get("name");
    Predicate predicate1 = criteriaBuilder.equal(id, 2L);
    Predicate predicate2 = criteriaBuilder.like(name.as(String.class), "%李%");
    return criteriaBuilder.and(predicate1, predicate2);
};
Resume resume = resumeDao.findOne(specification).get();

/*
	分页查询
	第一个参数：当前查询的页数，从0开始
	第二个参数：当页查询的数量
*/
Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(0,2);
Page<Resume> resumePage = resumeDao.findAll(pageable);
// 总共多少页
System.out.println(resumePage.getTotalPages());
// 总共多少条
System.out.println(resumePage.getTotalElements());
List<Resume> resumeList = resumePage.getContent();

参考git：https://gitee.com/zhangyizhou/learning-spring-data-jpa-demo.git