读取BMP文件，并进行图像的灰白处理，翻转，缩放

编译环境：vs2019

代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
#pragma pack(push,1)
struct BMPFILEHEADER
{
    unsigned short bfType;
    unsigned int   bfSize;
    unsigned short bfReserved1;
    unsigned short bfReserved2;
    unsigned int   bfOffBits;
};
#pragma pack(pop)



struct BITMAPINFOHEADER
{
    unsigned long    biSize;            //本结构所占用字节数 40字节
    long             biWidth;           //位图的宽度，以像素为单位
    long             biHeight;          //位图的高度，以像素为单位
    unsigned short   biPlanes;          //目标设备的级别，必须为1
    unsigned short   biBitCount;        //每个像素所需的位数，必须是1（双色）、
                                        //4（16色）、8（256色）或24（真彩色）之一
    unsigned long    biCompression;     //位图压缩类型，必须是 0（BI_RGB不压缩）、
                                        //1（BI_RLE8压缩类型）
                                        //2（BI_RLE压缩类型）之一
    unsigned long    biSizeImage;       //位图的大小，以字节为单位
    long             biXPelsPerMeter;   //位图水平分辨率，每米像素数
    long             biYPelsPerMeter;   //位图垂直分辨率，每米像素数
    unsigned long    biClrUsed;         //位图实际使用的颜色表中的颜色数
    unsigned long    biClrImportant;    //位图显示过程中重要的颜色数 
};



unsigned char** ReadBMP(const char* filename, BMPFILEHEADER& fh, BITMAPINFOHEADER& ih)
{

    FILE* fp = NULL;
    fopen_s(&fp, filename, "rb");




    unsigned char** data = NULL;
    //读取文件头、信息头
    fread(&fh, sizeof(fh), 1, fp);
    fread(&ih, sizeof(ih), 1, fp);

    data = new unsigned char* [ih.biHeight];//相当于data[ih.biheight][ih.biwidth*3];
    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight; i++)
    {
        data[i] = new unsigned char[ih.biWidth*3];
        for (int j = 0; j < ih.biWidth * 3; j++)
        {
            fread(&data[i][j], 1, 1, fp);
        }
    }
 

    return data;
    fclose(fp);


}

void WriteBMP(const char* filename, unsigned char** data, BMPFILEHEADER fh, BITMAPINFOHEADER ih)
{



    FILE* fp2 = NULL;
    fopen_s(&fp2, filename, "wb");
    fwrite(&fh, sizeof(fh), 1, fp2);
    fwrite(&ih, sizeof(ih), 1, fp2);
    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight; i++)
    {
        fwrite(data[i], ih.biWidth * 3, 1, fp2);
    }

}
unsigned char ** Grey(unsigned char** data,BMPFILEHEADER fh, BITMAPINFOHEADER ih)
{
    //修改像数值，取平均值
    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 1; j < ih.biWidth * 3; j += 2)
        {
            data[i][j] = (data[i][j - 1] + data[i][j] + data[i][j + 1]) / 3;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < ih.biWidth * 3; j += 2)
        {
            if (j == ih.biWidth * 3 - 1)
            {
                data[i][j] = data[i][j - 1];
                break;
            }
            data[i][j] = data[i][j + 1];
        }
    }
    WriteBMP("grey.bmp", data, fh, ih);
    return data;
}

void FlipImageUpDown(unsigned char** d, BMPFILEHEADER fh, BITMAPINFOHEADER ih)
{

  unsigned char **  data = new unsigned char* [ih.biHeight];//相当于data[ih.biheight][ih.biwidth*3];
    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight; i++)
    {
        data[i] = new unsigned char[ih.biWidth * 3];

        for (int j = 0; j < ih.biWidth*3; j++)//重新写入数据
        {
            data[i][j] = d[i][j];
            
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight / 2; i++)
    {
        unsigned char* temp;
        temp = data[i];
        data[i] = data[ih.biHeight - i - 1];
        data[ih.biHeight - i - 1] = temp;
    }
    WriteBMP("up.bmp", data, fh, ih);
    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight; i++)
    {
       
        delete[]data[i];
    }
    delete[]data;
}

void FlipImageLeftRight(unsigned char** d,BMPFILEHEADER fh, BITMAPINFOHEADER ih) 
{
    unsigned char** data = new unsigned char* [ih.biHeight];//相当于data[ih.biheight][ih.biwidth*3];
    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight; i++)
    {
        data[i] = new unsigned char[ih.biWidth * 3];

        for (int j = 0; j < ih.biWidth * 3; j++)//重新写入数据
        {
            data[i][j] = d[i][j];

        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < ih.biWidth * 3/2; j++)
        {
            unsigned char temp;
            temp = data[i][j];
            data[i][j] = data[i][ih.biWidth * 3 - j - 1];
            data[i][ih.biWidth * 3 - j - 1] = temp;
        }
    }
    WriteBMP("left.bmp", data, fh, ih);

    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight; i++)
    {

        delete[]data[i];
    }
    delete[]data;



}

void ResizeImage(unsigned char **d,BMPFILEHEADER fh,BITMAPINFOHEADER ih) 
{ 
    unsigned char** data = new unsigned char* [ih.biHeight];//相当于data[ih.biheight][ih.biwidth*3];
    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight/2; i++)
    {
        data[i] = new unsigned char[ih.biWidth * 3];

        for (int j = 0; j < ih.biWidth * 3/2; j++)//重新写入数据
        {
            data[i][j] = d[2*i][2*j];

        }
    }
    ih.biWidth /= 2;
    ih.biHeight /= 2;
    ih.biSizeImage /= 4;

    WriteBMP("resize.bmp",data, fh, ih);
    for (int i = 0; i < ih.biHeight; i++)
    {

        delete[]data[i];
    }
    delete[]data;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    BMPFILEHEADER fh;
    BITMAPINFOHEADER ih;

    unsigned char** data = NULL;
    data = ReadBMP("Fruits.bmp", fh, ih);
 //  Grey(data, fh,ih);
 
   data =Grey(data, fh, ih);
   WriteBMP("Fruits2.bmp", data, fh, ih);
    FlipImageUpDown(data, fh, ih);
    FlipImageLeftRight(data, fh, ih);
    ResizeImage(data, fh, ih);
    cout << "运行成功" << endl;
    return 0;
}