例1:昆虫产卵,设某种昆虫产卵数X∼P(λ)X \sim P(\lambda)X∼P(λ), 设卵的孵化率为ppp,孵化数记为YYY,求
a)X,YX,YX,Y的联合分布律;
b)X,YX,YX,Y的边缘分布律.
解:a) 由题意知, 当产卵数x固定时,Y∼B(x,p),Y \sim B(x, p),Y∼B(x,p),故由乘法公式:
pij=P{
X=i,Y=j}=P{
Y=j∣X=i}⋅P{
X=i}=(ij)pj(1−p)i−j⋅e−λλii!,i≥j,i=0,1,…p_{i j}=P\{X=i, Y=j\}=P\{Y=j | X=i\} \cdot P\{X=i\}=\left(\begin{array}{c}i \\ j\end{array}\right) p^{j}(1-p)^{i-j} \cdot e^{-\lambda} \frac{\lambda^{i}}{i !}, \quad i \geq j, \quad i=0,1, \dotspij=P{
X=i,Y=j}=P{
Y=j∣X=i}⋅P{
X=i}=(ij)pj(1−p)i−j⋅e−λi!λi,i≥j,i=0,1,…
b)pi