LVM逻辑卷管理

可以参考这篇文章来理解lvm的一些概念

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1937939

把若干个物理磁盘组成物理卷(PV),再把物理卷组成卷组(VG),卷组支持动态扩容，然后再把卷组分成逻辑卷(LV),只要卷组有空间，逻辑卷就可以扩容，逻辑卷的最小存储单位是PE默认大小4MB

建立LVM步骤
1.把物理硬盘变成一个分区，也可以是整块硬盘
2.把物理分区建立成物理卷
3.把多个物理卷组合成卷组，卷组可调整大小
4.把卷组划分成逻辑卷

4.1、分区并且更改文件系统

1.分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-52428799, default 2048): +2G
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4194304-52428799, default 52428799): 
Using default value 52428799
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 23 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xefc86b95

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1         4194304    52428799    24117248   83  Linux

Command (m for help): d   
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted

Command (m for help): p  

Disk /dev/sdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xefc86b95

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-52428799, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-52428799, default 52428799): +2G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xefc86b95

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (4196352-52428799, default 4196352): 
Using default value 4196352
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-52428799, default 52428799): +2G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (8390656-52428799, default 8390656): 
Using default value 8390656
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (8390656-52428799, default 52428799): +2G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xefc86b95

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         4196352     8390655     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3         8390656    12584959     2097152   83  Linux



2.更改文件系统：
fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): l
8e  Linux LVM 

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xefc86b95

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2         4196352     8390655     2097152   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3         8390656    12584959     2097152   8e  Linux LVM

4.2、分区建立成物理卷

pvcreate  创建物理卷
pvscan    查看物理卷
pvdisplay 查看物理卷详细信息
pvremove  删除物理卷

创建物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.

查看物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan 
  PV /dev/sda2   VG centos          lvm2 [<19.00 GiB / 0    free]
  PV /dev/sdb3                      lvm2 [2.00 GiB]
  PV /dev/sdb2                      lvm2 [2.00 GiB]
  PV /dev/sdb1                      lvm2 [2.00 GiB]
  Total: 4 [<25.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [<19.00 GiB] / in no VG: 3 [6.00 GiB]

删除物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb3
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully wiped.

4.3、创建卷组

vgcreate 新建卷组
vgcreate [命令选项] 卷组名 物理卷名
	-s 指定PE大小
vgscan    查看卷组
vgdisplay 查看卷组
vgextend  扩容卷组
vgreduce  缩减卷组
vgremove  删除卷组
创建xvg卷组
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate xvg /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
  Volume group "xvg" successfully created
  
 查看卷组
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               xvg  卷组名
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write 卷组访问状态
  VG Status             resizable  卷组状态
  MAX LV                0          最大逻辑卷数
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0          最大物理卷数
  Cur PV                2          当前物理卷数
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               3.99 GiB   卷组大小
  PE Size               4.00 MiB    PE大小
  Total PE              1022
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0      已用PE数量/大小
  Free  PE / Size       1022 / 3.99 GiB  空闲PE数量/大小
  VG UUID               aepGgb-ijOl-xjAb-mf9X-3TIb-sSFb-NC1ce1

扩容卷组
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend xvg /dev/sdb3
  Volume group "xvg" successfully extended
  
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               xvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               <5.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1533
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       1533 / <5.99 GiB
  VG UUID               aepGgb-ijOl-xjAb-mf9X-3TIb-sSFb-NC1ce1

缩减
[root@localhost ~]# vgreduce xvg /dev/sdb3
  Removed "/dev/sdb3" from volume group "xvg"

删除卷组
[root@localhost ~]# vgremove xvg
  Volume group "xvg" successfully removed

4.4、生成逻辑卷

lvcreate 生成逻辑卷
lvcreate [命令选项] [-n 逻辑卷名] 卷组名
	-L 容量，指定逻辑卷大小
	-n 逻辑卷名
lvdisplay 查看逻辑卷
lvscan    查看逻辑卷

生成逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 3G -n xlv xvg
  Logical volume "xlv" created.

查看逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan 
  ACTIVE            '/dev/xvg/xlv' [3.00 GiB] inherit

4.5、挂载使用

格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/xvg/xlv 

挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /xyj
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/xvg/xlv /xyj/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
/dev/mapper/xvg-xlv      3.0G   33M  3.0G   2% /lvm

扩容
5G的意思就是你要把这个分区容量要增加到的大小，比如要把这个分区增加到20G，那么就写20G
[root@localhost ~]# lvresize -L 5G /dev/xvg/xlv 
  Size of logical volume xvg/xlv changed from 3.00 GiB (768 extents) to 5.00 GiB (1280 extents).
  Logical volume xvg/xlv successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
/dev/mapper/xvg-xlv      3.0G   33M  3.0G   2% /lvm
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/xvg/xlv 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
/dev/mapper/xvg-xlv      5.0G   33M  5.0G   1% /lvm
如果想永久生效，就需要修改/etc/fstab文件，加入下面的内容，
/dev/xvg/xlv /xyj xfs defaults 0 0