这题不容易。可以用DFS做,也可以用BFS做。
解法1:
我参考了网上的solution,不过感觉这种方法好像不一定是最优。
class Solution {
public:
/**
* @param s: The input string
* @return: Return all possible results
*/
vector<string> removeInvalidParentheses(string &s) {
string sol;
vector<string> results;
if (s.empty()) {
results.push_back("");
return results;
}
int l_more = 0; // shows # of extra '('
int r_more = 0; // shows # of extra ')'
for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
if (s[i] == '(') {
l_more++;
}
if (s[i] == ')') {
if (l_more > 0)
l_more--;
else
r_more++;
}
}
helper(s, 0, l_more, r_more, results);
return results;
}
private:
bool isVald(string &s) {
int count = 0;
for (auto c : s) {
if (c == '(') count++;
if (c == ')') {
count--;
if (count < 0) return false;
}
}
return (count == 0);
}
void helper(string &s, int index, int l_more, int r_more, vector<string> & results) {
if (l_more == 0 && r_more == 0) {
if (isVald(s)) {
results.push_back(s);
return;
}
}
for (int i = index; i < s.size(); ++i) {
if (i != index && s[i] == s[i-1]) //去重, if ))) or (((, just remove the last one)
continue;
if (s[i] == '(' && l_more > 0) {
string new_str = s.substr(0, i) + s.substr(i + 1);
//if index==0, substr(0,index) = ""
helper(new_str, i, l_more - 1, r_more, results); //note here is still i !!!
}
if (s[i] == ')' && r_more > 0) {
string new_str = s.substr(0, i) + s.substr(i + 1);
helper(new_str, i, l_more, r_more - 1, results);
}
}
}
};
注意:
1)因为每次生成新str,所以就不需要再results.pop_back()。
2)注意生成新str后, helper()里面还是i,不是i+1,因为这个新str要重新检查。
3) 注意去重。
4) 注意isValid()的写法,比较巧妙。
5) 注意生成新string的写法
string new_str = s.substr(0, i) + s.substr(i + 1);
//if index==0, substr(0,index) = “”
解法2:还是DFS
https://www.jiuzhang.com/solution/remove-invalid-parentheses/#tag-other-lang-java
zxqiu的做法好像很巧妙。没时间细看。
下次做。
解法3: BFS
class Solution {
public:
vector<string> removeInvalidParentheses(string s) {
vector<string> res;
queue<string> q;
set<string> strSet;
q.push(s);
strSet.insert(s);
int step = 0, minStep = INT_MAX;
while(!q.empty()) {
int qSize = q.size();
for (int i = 0; i < qSize; i++) {
string frontStr = q.front();
q.pop();
if (isValidStr(frontStr)) {
if (step <= minStep) {
res.push_back(frontStr);
minStep = min(step, minStep);
}
continue; //要不要都可以
}
for (int i = 0; i < frontStr.size(); i++) {
string tmpStr = frontStr.substr(0, i) + frontStr.substr(i + 1);
if (strSet.find(tmpStr) == strSet.end()) {
q.push(tmpStr);
strSet.insert(tmpStr);
}
}
}
step++;
}
return res;
}
private:
bool isValidStr(string s) {
int n = s.size();
int count = 0;
stack<char> stk;
for (auto c : s) {
if (c == '(') {
stk.push(c);
} else if (c == ')') {
if (!stk.empty() && stk.top() == '(') stk.pop();
else return false;
}
}
return stk.empty();
}
};