k8s搭建mysql(mysql5.7)

本文详细介绍了使用Kubernetes部署MySQL集群的过程,包括命名空间、配置映射、状态集及服务的定义。通过StatefulSet实现MySQL高可用性,利用ConfigMap进行配置管理,并通过Service实现读写分离。

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00.mysql-ns.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
   name: mysql-ns
   labels:
     name: mysql-ns

01.mysql-ConfigMap.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql
data:
  master.cnf: |
    # Apply this config only on the master.
    [mysqld]
    log-bin
    log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
    lower_case_table_names=1
  slave.cnf: |
    # Apply this config only on slaves.
    [mysqld]
    super-read-only
    log_bin_trust_function_creators=1

02.mysql-StatefulSet.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: mysql
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql
  serviceName: mysql
  replicas: 3
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: data
      annotations:
        volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: managed-nfs-storage
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: "managed-nfs-storage"
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 3Gi
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      initContainers:
      - name: init-mysql
        image: mysql:5.7
        command:
        - bash
        - "-c"
        - |
          set -ex
          [[ `hostname` =~ -([0-9]+)$ ]] || exit 1
          ordinal=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
          echo [mysqld] > /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
          echo server-id=$((100 + $ordinal)) >> /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
          if [[ $ordinal -eq 0 ]]; then
            cp /mnt/config-map/master.cnf /mnt/conf.d/
          else
            cp /mnt/config-map/slave.cnf /mnt/conf.d/
          fi
        volumeMounts:
        - name: conf
          mountPath: /mnt/conf.d
        - name: config-map
          mountPath: /mnt/config-map
      - name: clone-mysql
        image: docker.io/selefantic/dockerlibraryk8s-xtrabackup:latest
        command:
        - bash
        - "-c"
        - |
          set -ex
          [[ -d /var/lib/mysql/mysql ]] && exit 0
          [[ `hostname` =~ -([0-9]+)$ ]] || exit 1
          ordinal=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
          [[ $ordinal -eq 0 ]] && exit 0
          ncat --recv-only mysql-$(($ordinal-1)).mysql.mysql-ns 3307 | xbstream -x -C /var/lib/mysql
          xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/var/lib/mysql
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
          subPath: mysql
        - name: conf
          mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
      containers:
      - name: mysql
        image: mysql:5.7
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD
          value: "1"
        ports:
        - name: mysql
          containerPort: 3306
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
          subPath: mysql
        - name: conf
          mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 1Gi
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command: ["mysqladmin", "ping"]
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command: ["mysql", "-h", "127.0.0.1", "-e", "SELECT 1"]
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 2
          timeoutSeconds: 1
      - name: xtrabackup
        image: docker.io/selefantic/dockerlibraryk8s-xtrabackup:latest
        ports:
        - name: xtrabackup
          containerPort: 3307
        command:
        - bash
        - "-c"
        - |
          set -ex
          cd /var/lib/mysql
          if [[ -f xtrabackup_slave_info ]]; then
            mv xtrabackup_slave_info change_master_to.sql.in
            rm -f xtrabackup_binlog_info
          elif [[ -f xtrabackup_binlog_info ]]; then
            [[ `cat xtrabackup_binlog_info` =~ ^(.*?)[[:space:]]+(.*?)$ ]] || exit 1
            rm xtrabackup_binlog_info
            echo "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='${BASH_REMATCH[1]}',\
                  MASTER_LOG_POS=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" > change_master_to.sql.in
          fi
          if [[ -f change_master_to.sql.in ]]; then
            echo "Waiting for mysqld to be ready (accepting connections)"
            until mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -e "SELECT 1"; do sleep 1; done
            echo "Initializing replication from clone position"
            mv change_master_to.sql.in change_master_to.sql.orig
            mysql -h 127.0.0.1 <<EOF
          $(<change_master_to.sql.orig),
            MASTER_HOST='mysql-0.mysql.mysql-ns',
            MASTER_USER='root',
            MASTER_PASSWORD='',
            MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10;
          START SLAVE;
          EOF
          fi
          exec ncat --listen --keep-open --send-only --max-conns=1 3307 -c \
            "xtrabackup --backup --slave-info --stream=xbstream --host=127.0.0.1 --user=root"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
          subPath: mysql
        - name: conf
          mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
      volumes:
      - name: conf
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-map
        configMap:
          name: mysql

03.mysql-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql
spec:
  ports:
  - name: mysql
    port: 3306
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: mysql
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-read
  labels:
    app: mysql
spec:
  ports:
  - name: mysql
    port: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql
### 在Kubernetes集群上部署和安装MySQL 5.7.31 #### 准备工作 为了确保顺利部署,在开始之前需确认已具备如下条件: - 已经有一个正常工作的Kubernetes集群。 - 安装并配置好`kubectl`命令行工具,能够连接至该Kubernetes集群。 #### 创建命名空间 建议为MySQL创建独立的命名空间来管理资源,这有助于隔离不同应用之间的冲突。 ```bash kubectl create namespace mysql-ns ``` #### 编写持久卷声明(PVC) 由于MySQL是一个有状态的应用程序,因此需要为其提供持久化存储。下面是一份简单的PVC定义文件示例[^1]。 ```yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: mysql-pv-claim namespace: mysql-ns spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce resources: requests: storage: 20Gi ``` 保存上述内容到名为`pvc.yaml`的文件中,并通过以下命令提交给Kubernetes: ```bash kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml ``` #### 配置MySQL ConfigMap 对于特定版本如MySQL 5.7.31, 可能会涉及到一些特殊的配置项调整。可以通过ConfigMap的方式将这些设置传递进去[^3]。 ```yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ConfigMap metadata: name: mysql-config namespace: mysql-ns data: my.cnf: |- [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci max_allowed_packet=64M ... ``` 同样地,把这段YAML存入文件(比如叫作`configmap.yaml`) 并执行相应的`apply`指令。 #### 构建Deployment对象 接下来就是核心部分——构建用于运行MySQL实例的Pod描述符。考虑到稳定性和数据一致性,推荐使用StatefulSet而非普通的ReplicaSet或Deployment[^4]。 ```yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: StatefulSet metadata: name: mysql namespace: mysql-ns spec: serviceName: "mysql" replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: mysql template: metadata: labels: app: mysql spec: containers: - name: mysql image: mysql:5.7.31 env: - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD valueFrom: secretKeyRef: name: mysql-secret key: root-password ports: - containerPort: 3306 name: mysql volumeMounts: - name: mysql-storage mountPath: /var/lib/mysql - name: mysql-conf-volume mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d/ volumes: - name: mysql-storage persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: mysql-pv-claim - name: mysql-conf-volume configMap: name: mysql-config --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: mysql-service namespace: mysql-ns spec: type: ClusterIP ports: - port: 3306 targetPort: 3306 selector: app: mysql ``` 此段代码片段包含了两个主要组件:一个是负责实际启动MySQL进程的StatefulSet;另一个则是暴露服务接口的服务(Service),它允许其他应用程序访问MySQL数据库。注意这里的环境变量是从Secret读取密码信息,所以还需要提前准备好对应的密钥材料[^5]。 完成以上所有准备工作后,只需简单地调用一次`kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml`, 即可触发整个流程自动完成。
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