DeepSpeed Pipeline并行

DeepSpeed为了克服一般Pipeline并行的forward时weights,和backward时计算梯度的weights, 二者不相同的问题，退而求其次，牺牲性能，采用gradient-accumulate方式，backward时只累积梯度至local，并不更新weights；多个micro-batch完成之后，才all-reduce一把并更新weights；

class AlexNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):
        super(AlexNet, self).__init__()
        self.features = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=11, stride=4, padding=2),
            ...
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),
        )
        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((6, 6))
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Dropout(),
            ...
            nn.Linear(4096, num_classes),
        )

    def to_layers(self):
        layers = [
            *self.features,
            self.