OpenCV之使用多边形将扩廓包围_opencv 轮廓扩大-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sono_io/article/details/126392375

本文介绍如何使用OpenCV库在C++中计算给定2D点集的最小包围矩形、圆形，并演示了通过多边形逼近和绘制包围边界的过程。通过实例代码，展示了如何实时更新和绘制随机点集的边界框。

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返回外部矩形边界

寻找最小包围矩形

寻找最小包围圆形

用椭圆拟合二维点集

逼近多边形曲线

例程: 创建包围轮廓的矩形边界

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <vector>  
#include <algorithm> 

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;


int main()
{
	RNG& rng = theRNG();
	int count = rng.uniform(3, 103);// 随机生成点的数量

	//初始化变量
	Mat image(600, 600, CV_8UC3);

	//循环, 按下ESC, Q, q键程序退出, 否则有键按下便一直更新
	while (1)
	{
		//参数初始化
		vector<Point> points; // 点值
		
		//随机生成点坐标
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		{
			Point point;
			point.x = rng.uniform(image.cols / 4, image.cols * 3 / 4);
			point.y = rng.uniform(image.rows / 4, image.rows * 3 / 4);
			points.push_back(point);
		}
		
		//对给定的2D点集, 寻找最小面积的包围矩形
		RotatedRect box = minAreaRect(Mat(points));
		Point2f vertex[4];
		box.points(vertex);

		//绘制出随机颜色的点
		image = Scalar::all(0);
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		{
			circle(image, points[i], 3, Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255)), FILLED, LINE_8);
		}

		//绘制出最小面积的包围矩形
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		{
			line(image, vertex[i], vertex[(i + 1) % 4], Scalar(100, 200, 211), 2, LINE_8);
		}
		imshow("矩形包围实例", image);

		//按下esc q Q 退出
		char key = waitKey();
		if (key == 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q')
		{
			break;
		}
	}

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

效果

例程: 创建包围轮廓的圆形边界

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <vector>  
#include <algorithm> 

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;


int main()
{
	RNG& rng = theRNG();
	int count = rng.uniform(3, 103);// 随机生成点的数量

	//初始化变量
	Mat image(600, 600, CV_8UC3);

	//循环, 按下ESC, Q, q键程序退出, 否则有键按下便一直更新
	while (1)
	{
		//参数初始化
		vector<Point> points; // 点值
		
		//随机生成点坐标
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		{
			Point point;
			point.x = rng.uniform(image.cols / 4, image.cols * 3 / 4);
			point.y = rng.uniform(image.rows / 4, image.rows * 3 / 4);
			points.push_back(point);
		}
		
		//对给定的2D点集, 寻找最小面积的包围圆
		Point2f center;
		float radius = 0;
		minEnclosingCircle(Mat(points), center, radius);

		//绘制出随机颜色的点
		image = Scalar::all(0);
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		{
			circle(image, points[i], 3, Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255)), FILLED, LINE_8);
		}

		//绘制出最小面积的包围圆
			circle(image, center, cvRound(radius), Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255)), 2, LINE_8);
		imshow("圆形包围实例", image);

		//按下esc q Q 退出
		char key = waitKey();
		if (key == 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q')
		{
			break;
		}
	}

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

效果

例程: 使用多边形包围轮廓

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <vector>  
#include <algorithm> 

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "[原始图窗口]"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "[效果图窗口]"

// 全局变量
Mat g_srcImage;
Mat g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 50; // 阈值
int g_nMaxThresh = 255; //阈值最大值
RNG g_rng(12345); // 随机数生成器

//全局函数声明部分
void on_ContourChange(int, void*);

int main()
{
	//1.载入3通道图像
	g_srcImage = imread("700levi.jpg");

	//2.得到原图的灰度图并进行平滑
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));

	//3.创建原始图窗口并显示
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);

	//4.设置滚动条并调用一次回调函数
	createTrackbar("阈值: ", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_nMaxThresh, on_ContourChange);
	on_ContourChange(0, 0);

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

void on_ContourChange(int, void*) {
	//定义参数
	Mat threshold_output;
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;

	//使用Threshold 检测边缘
	threshold(g_grayImage, threshold_output, g_nThresh, 255, THRESH_BINARY);

	//找出轮廓
	findContours(threshold_output, contours, hierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));

	//多边形逼近轮廓 + 获取矩形和圆形边界框
	vector<vector<Point>> contours_poly(contours.size());
	vector<Rect> boundRect(contours.size());
	vector<Point2f> center(contours.size());
	vector<float> radius(contours.size());

	//一个循环,遍历所有部分, 进行本程序核心操作
	for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		approxPolyDP(Mat(contours[i]), contours_poly[i], 3, true); // 用指定精度逼近多边形曲线
		boundRect[i] = boundingRect(Mat(contours_poly[i])); // 计算点集的最外面的矩形边界
		minEnclosingCircle(contours_poly[i], center[i], radius[i]); // 对给定的2D点集, 寻找最小面积的包围圆形
	}
	//绘制多边形轮廓 + 包围的矩形框 + 圆形框
	Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(threshold_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255)); // 设置随机颜色
		drawContours(drawing, contours_poly, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());// 绘制轮廓
		rectangle(drawing, boundRect[i].tl(), boundRect[i].br(), color, 2, 9, 0);// 绘制矩形
		circle(drawing, center[i], (int)radius[i], color, 2, 9, 0);// 绘制圆
	}

	//显示效果窗口
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);

}