知识蒸馏实战代码教学二（代码实战部分）

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-03 07:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-07-03 07:00:00 发布

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文章标签：深度学习人工智能机器学习知识蒸馏

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/study_jiang_up/article/details/136180434

本文介绍了知识蒸馏在深度学习中的应用，包括训练大模型（teacher模型）、模型蒸馏过程（利用teacher模型指导student模型学习）、代码实现（使用PyTorch构建MNIST数据集的teacher和student模型，以及蒸馏训练的具体步骤）和模型压缩的效果。

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一、上章原理回顾

具体过程：

（1）首先我们要先训练出较大模型既teacher模型。（在图中没有出现）

（2）再对teacher模型进行蒸馏，此时我们已经有一个训练好的teacher模型，所以我们能很容易知道teacher模型输入特征x之后，预测出来的结果teacher_preds标签。

（3）此时，求到老师预测结果之后，我们需要求解学生在训练过程中的每一次结果student_preds标签。

（4）先求hard_loss，也就是学生模型的预测student_preds与真实标签targets之间的损失。

（5）再求soft_loss，也就是学生模型的预测student_preds与教师模型teacher_preds的预测之间的损失。

（6）求出hard_loss与soft_loss之后，求和总loss=a*hard_loss + (1-a)soft_loss，a是一个自己设置的权重参数，我在代码中设置为a=0.3。

（7）最后反向传播继续迭代。

二、代码实现

1、数据集

数据集采用的是手写数字的数据集mnist数据集，如果没有下载，代码部分中会进行下载，只需要把download改成True，然后就会保存在当前目录中。该数据集将其分成80%的训练集，20%的测试集，最后返回train_dataset和test_datatset。

class MyDataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self,opt):
        self.opt = opt

    def MyData(self):
        ## mnist数据集下载0
        mnist = datasets.MNIST(
            root='../datasets/', train=True, download=False, transform=transforms.Compose(
                [transforms.Resize(self.opt.img_size), transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize([0.5], [0.5])]
            ),
        )

        dataset_size = len(mnist)
        train_size = int(0.8 * dataset_size)
        test_size = dataset_size - train_size

        train_dataset, test_dataset = random_split(mnist, [train_size, test_size])

        train_dataloader = DataLoader(
            train_dataset,
            batch_size=self.opt.batch_size,
            shuffle=True,
        )

        test_dataloader = DataLoader(
            test_dataset,
            batch_size=self.opt.batch_size,
            shuffle=False,  # 在测试集上不需要打乱顺序
        )
        return train_dataloader,test_dataloader

2、teacher模型和训练实现

（1）首先是teacher模型构造，经过三次线性层。

import torch.nn as nn
import torch

img_area = 784

class TeacherModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,in_channel=1,num_classes=10):
        super(TeacherModel,self).__init__()
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(img_area,1200)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(1200, 1200)
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(1200, num_classes)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=0.5)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.view(-1, img_area)
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.dropout(x)
        x = self.relu(x)

        x = self.fc2(x)
        x = self.dropout(x)
        x = self.relu(x)

        x = self.fc3(x)

        return x

（2）训练teacher模型

老师模型训练完成后其权重参数会保存在teacher.pth当中，为以后调用。

import torch.nn as nn
import torch


## 创建文件夹
from tqdm import tqdm

from dist.TeacherModel import TeacherModel

weight_path = 'C:/Users/26394/PycharmProjects/untitled1/dist/params/teacher.pth'
## 设置cuda:(cuda:0)
cuda = True if torch.cuda.is_available() else False
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True #使用卷积cuDNN加速


class TeacherTrainer():
    def __init__(self,opt,train_dataloader,test_dataloader):
        self.opt = opt
        self.train_dataloader = train_dataloader
        self.test_dataloader = test_dataloader

    def trainer(self):
        # 老师模型
        opt = self.opt
        train_dataloader = self.train_dataloader
        test_dataloader = self.test_dataloader

        teacher_model = TeacherModel()
        teacher_model = teacher_model.to(device)

        criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
        optimizer_teacher = torch.optim.Adam(teacher_model.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))

        for epoch in range(opt.n_epochs):  ## epoch:50
            teacher_model.train()

            for data, targets in tqdm(train_dataloader):
                data = data.to(device)
                targets = targets.to(device)

                preds = teacher_model(data)
                loss = criterion(preds, targets)

                optimizer_teacher.zero_grad()
                loss = criterion(preds, targets)
                loss.backward()
                optimizer_teacher.step()

            teacher_model.eval()
            num_correct = 0
            num_samples = 0
            with torch.no_grad():
                for x, y in test_dataloader:
                    x = x.to(device)
                    y = y.to(device)

                    preds = teacher_model(x)

                    predictions = preds.max(1).indices
                    num_correct += (predictions == y).sum()
                    num_samples += predictions.size(0)
                acc = (num_correct / num_samples).item()

            torch.save(teacher_model.state_dict(), weight_path)

        teacher_model.train()
        print('teacher: Epoch:{}\t Accuracy:{:.4f}'.format(epoch + 1, acc))

（3）训练teacher模型

模型参数都在paras（）当中设置好了，直接调用teacher_model就行，然后将其权重参数会保存在teacher.pth当中。

import argparse

import torch

from dist.DistillationTrainer import DistillationTrainer
from dist.MyDateLoader import MyDataset
from dist.TeacherTrainer import TeacherTrainer

device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

def paras():
    ## 超参数配置
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("--n_epochs", type=int, default=5, help="number of epochs of training")
    parser.add_argument("--batch_size", type=int, default=64, help="size of the batches")
    parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=0.0002, help="adam: learning rate")
    parser.add_argument("--b1", type=float, default=0.5, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
    parser.add_argument("--b2", type=float, default=0.999, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
    parser.add_argument("--n_cpu", type=int, default=2, help="number of cpu threads to use during batch generation")
    parser.add_argument("--latent_dim", type=int, default=100, help="dimensionality of the latent space")
    parser.add_argument("--img_size", type=int, default=28, help="size of each image dimension")
    parser.add_argument("--channels", type=int, default=1, help="number of image channels")
    parser.add_argument("--sample_interval", type=int, default=500, help="interval betwen image samples")
    opt = parser.parse_args()
    ## opt = parser.parse_args(args=[])                 ## 在colab中运行时，换为此行
    print(opt)
    return opt


if __name__ == '__main__':
    opt = paras()
    data = MyDataset(opt)
    train_dataloader, test_dataloader = data.MyData()

    # 训练Teacher模型
    teacher_trainer = TeacherTrainer(opt,train_dataloader,test_dataloader)
    teacher_trainer.trainer()

3、学生模型的构建

学生模型也是经过了三次线性层，但是神经元没有teacher当中多。所以student模型会比teacher模型小很多。

import torch.nn as nn
import torch

img_area = 784

class StudentModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,in_channel=1,num_classes=10):
        super(StudentModel,self).__init__()
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(img_area,20)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(20, 20)
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(20, num_classes)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.view(-1, img_area)
        x = self.fc1(x)
        # x = self.dropout(x)
        x = self.relu(x)

        x = self.fc2(x)
        # x = self.dropout(x)
        x = self.relu(x)

        x = self.fc3(x)

        return x

4、知识蒸馏训练

（1）首先读取teacher模型。

将teacher模型中的权重参数teacher.pth放入模型当中。

 #拿取训练好的模型
        teacher_model = TeacherModel()
        if os.path.exists(weights):
            teacher_model.load_state_dict(torch.load(weights))
            print('successfully')
        else:
            print('not loading')
        teacher_model = teacher_model.to(device)

（2）设置损失求解的函数

hard_loss用的就是普通的交叉熵损失函数，而soft_loss就是用的KL散度。

        # hard_loss
        hard_loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
        # hard_loss权重
        alpha = 0.3

        # soft_loss
        soft_loss = nn.KLDivLoss(reduction="batchmean")

（3）之后再进行蒸馏训练，温度为7

先求得hard_loss就是用学生模型预测的标签和真实标签进行求得损失。
再求soft_loss就是用学生模型预测的标签和老师模型预测的标签进行求得损失。使用softmax时候还需要进行除以温度temp。
最后反向传播，求解模型

       for epoch in range(opt.n_epochs):  ## epoch:5

            for data, targets in tqdm(train_dataloader):
                data = data.to(device)
                targets = targets.to(device)

                # 老师模型预测
                with torch.no_grad():
                    teacher_preds = teacher_model(data)

                # 学生模型预测
                student_preds = model(data)
                # 计算hard_loss
                student_loss = hard_loss(student_preds, targets)

                # 计算蒸馏后的预测损失
                ditillation_loss = soft_loss(
                    F.softmax(student_preds / temp, dim=1),
                    F.softmax(teacher_preds / temp, dim=1)
                )

                loss = alpha * student_loss + (1 - alpha) * ditillation_loss

                optimizer.zero_grad()
                loss.backward()
                optimizer.step()

            model.eval()
            num_correct = 0
            num_samples = 0
            with torch.no_grad():
                for x, y in test_dataloader:
                    x = x.to(device)
                    y = y.to(device)

                    preds = model(x)

                    predictions = preds.max(1).indices
                    num_correct += (predictions == y).sum()
                    num_samples += predictions.size(0)
                acc = (num_correct / num_samples).item()

        model.train()
        print('distillation: Epoch:{}\t Accuracy:{:.4f}'.format(epoch + 1, acc))

（4）整个蒸馏训练代码

import torch.nn as nn
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import os
from tqdm import tqdm

from dist.StudentModel import StudentModel
from dist.TeacherModel import TeacherModel

weights = 'C:/Users/26394/PycharmProjects/untitled1//dist/params/teacher.pth'

# D_weight_path = 'C:/Users/26394/PycharmProjects/untitled1/dist/params/distillation.pth'
## 设置cuda:(cuda:0)
cuda = True if torch.cuda.is_available() else False
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True #使用卷积cuDNN加速


class DistillationTrainer():
    def __init__(self,opt,train_dataloader,test_dataloader):
        self.opt = opt
        self.train_dataloader = train_dataloader
        self.test_dataloader = test_dataloader


    def trainer(self):
        opt = self.opt
        train_dataloader = self.train_dataloader
        test_dataloader = self.test_dataloader

        #拿取训练好的模型
        teacher_model = TeacherModel()
        if os.path.exists(weights):
            teacher_model.load_state_dict(torch.load(weights))
            print('successfully')
        else:
            print('not loading')
        teacher_model = teacher_model.to(device)
        teacher_model.eval()

        model = StudentModel()
        model = model.to(device)

        temp = 7

        # hard_loss
        hard_loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
        # hard_loss权重
        alpha = 0.3

        # soft_loss
        soft_loss = nn.KLDivLoss(reduction="batchmean")

        optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))

        for epoch in range(opt.n_epochs):  ## epoch:5

            for data, targets in tqdm(train_dataloader):
                data = data.to(device)
                targets = targets.to(device)

                # 老师模型预测
                with torch.no_grad():
                    teacher_preds = teacher_model(data)

                # 学生模型预测
                student_preds = model(data)
                # 计算hard_loss
                student_loss = hard_loss(student_preds, targets)

                # 计算蒸馏后的预测损失
                ditillation_loss = soft_loss(
                    F.softmax(student_preds / temp, dim=1),
                    F.softmax(teacher_preds / temp, dim=1)
                )

                loss = alpha * student_loss + (1 - alpha) * ditillation_loss

                optimizer.zero_grad()
                loss.backward()
                optimizer.step()

            model.eval()
            num_correct = 0
            num_samples = 0
            with torch.no_grad():
                for x, y in test_dataloader:
                    x = x.to(device)
                    y = y.to(device)

                    preds = model(x)

                    predictions = preds.max(1).indices
                    num_correct += (predictions == y).sum()
                    num_samples += predictions.size(0)
                acc = (num_correct / num_samples).item()

        model.train()
        print('distillation: Epoch:{}\t Accuracy:{:.4f}'.format(epoch + 1, acc))

（5）蒸馏训练的主函数

该部分大致与teacher模型训练类似，只是调用不同。

import argparse

import torch

from dist.DistillationTrainer import DistillationTrainer
from dist.MyDateLoader import MyDataset
from dist.TeacherTrainer import TeacherTrainer

device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

def paras():
    ## 超参数配置
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("--n_epochs", type=int, default=5, help="number of epochs of training")
    parser.add_argument("--batch_size", type=int, default=64, help="size of the batches")
    parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=0.0002, help="adam: learning rate")
    parser.add_argument("--b1", type=float, default=0.5, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
    parser.add_argument("--b2", type=float, default=0.999, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
    parser.add_argument("--n_cpu", type=int, default=2, help="number of cpu threads to use during batch generation")
    parser.add_argument("--latent_dim", type=int, default=100, help="dimensionality of the latent space")
    parser.add_argument("--img_size", type=int, default=28, help="size of each image dimension")
    parser.add_argument("--channels", type=int, default=1, help="number of image channels")
    parser.add_argument("--sample_interval", type=int, default=500, help="interval betwen image samples")
    opt = parser.parse_args()
    ## opt = parser.parse_args(args=[])                 ## 在colab中运行时，换为此行
    print(opt)
    return opt


if __name__ == '__main__':
    opt = paras()
    data = MyDataset(opt)
    train_dataloader, test_dataloader = data.MyData()

    # 训练Teacher模型
    # teacher_trainer = TeacherTrainer(opt,train_dataloader,test_dataloader)
    # teacher_trainer.trainer()

    distillation_trainer = DistillationTrainer(opt,train_dataloader,test_dataloader)
    distillation_trainer.trainer()