Pytorch中nn.Conv2d的dilation

dilation原文解释如下：

controls the spacing between the kernel points; also
known as the à trous algorithm. It is harder to describe, but this link_
has a nice visualization of what :attr:dilation does.

原文中也说描述起来有些难度，就是卷积核的各元素间隔开，默认间隔大小为1。这种卷积称为空洞卷积(也称扩张卷积，膨胀卷积)，如下图所示：

No padding, no stride, dilation（Blue maps are inputs, and cyan maps are outputs）