计算几何求直线与交点

求直线解析式

给出直线上两点的坐标，求直线的解析式。

设两点坐标分别为$(x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2)$，解析式为$ax+by+c=0$

则直线斜率为$\frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}$

即$-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}$

那么$a=y_2-y_1,b=x_1-x_2$

将$(x_1,y_1)$代入$ax+by+c=0$，得$c=x_2{y}_1-x_1{y}_2$

$\{\begin{array}{c}a=y_2-y_1\\ b=x_1-x_2\\ c=x_2{y}_1-x_1{y}_2\end{array}$

code

struct point{
	double x,y;
};
double a,b,c;
void gt(point v1,point v2){
	a=v2.y-v1.y;
	b=v1.x-v2.x;
	c=v2.x*v1.y-v1.x*v2.y;
}

求交点

给出两条直线的解析式，求交点。

设两条直线的解析式为$\{\begin{array}{c}{a}_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_1=0\\ a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_2=0\end{array}$

一式两边同时乘$a_2$，二式两边同时乘$a_1$得

$\{\begin{array}{c}{a}_1{a}_{2}x+a_2{b}_{1}y+a_2{c}_1=0\\ a_1{a}_{2}x+a_1{b}_{2}y+a_1{c}_2=0\end{array}$

一式减二式得$(a_2{b}_1-a_1{b}_2)y+a_2{c}_1-a_1{c}_2=0$

解得$y=\frac{a_1{c}_2-a_2{c}_1}{a_2{b}_1-a_1{b}_2}$

同理$x=\frac{b_1{c}_2-b_2{c}_1}{a_1{b}_2-a_2{b}_1}$

$\{\begin{array}{c}x=\frac{b_1{c}_2-b_2{c}_1}{a_1{b}_2-a_2{b}_1}\\ \\ y=\frac{a_1{c}_2-a_2{c}_1}{a_2{b}_1-a_1{b}_2}\end{array}$

当然，要先判断两条直线是否平行。

若平行，则$-\frac{a_1}{b_1}=-\frac{a_2}{b_2}$，此时$a_1{b}_2-a_2{b}_1=0$，上式分母为$0$

code

struct line{
	double a,b,c;
};
const double eps=1e-8;
double vx,vy;
bool find(point v1,point v2){
	if(fabs(v1.a*v2.b-v1.b*v2.a)<eps) return 0;
	vx=(v1.b*v2.c-v2.b*v1.c)/(v1.a*v2.b-v2.a*v1.b);
	vy=(v1.a*v2.c-v2.a*v1.c)/(v2.a*v1.b-v1.a*v2.b);
	return 1;
}