用dumpbin来查看dll导出了哪些函数（接口）。尤其是观察导出的那个类继承自模板（实例化了模板后再导出）

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-22 09:10:51 发布

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文章讲述了在VisualStudio中使用`dumpbin`查看dll导出时遇到的问题，特别是关于`GenericFactoryPro`类的静态成员导出导致的单例冲突。作者解释了为何需要在类名前添加参数以保持导出函数唯一性，并通过示例展示了不同类如何意外共享同一单例实例。

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启动vs的“开发人员命令提示”

直接执行dumpbin，它会给出所有支持的选项：

给出dll的完整路径，可以将信息导出到文本文件：

D:\DevTools\VS2015>dumpbin /exports D:\123\test.dll >123123.txt

下面的代码

template <
    typename DerivedName, //signature，在类中不做使用。
    typename AbstractProduct, //接口
    typename ProductTypeKey, //key
    typename ...ArgTypes //其他参数
>
class GenericFactoryPro
{
protected:

    GenericFactoryPro() {}
    GenericFactoryPro(const GenericFactoryPro&) = delete; 
    GenericFactoryPro(GenericFactoryPro&&) = delete;
    GenericFactoryPro operator=(const GenericFactoryPro& other) = delete;

public:
    ~GenericFactoryPro() {}

    //具体产品注册类Register。使用内嵌类可明显简化设计
    template <typename ConcreteProduct>
    class Register
    {
    public:
        Register(const ProductTypeKey& key)
        {
            ...
        }
    private:
        inline static AbstractProduct* ConcreteProductCreator(ArgTypes... args)
        {
            ...
        }
    };

    bool Unregister(const ProductTypeKey& conp)
    {
        ...
    }

    std::shared_ptr<AbstractProduct> NewInstance(const ProductTypeKey& conp, ArgTypes... args)
    {
        ...
    }

    std::vector<ProductTypeKey> GetOrderedKeyVec()
    {
        ...
    }


    int GetSize()
    {
        ..
    }

    ProductTypeKey GetKey(unsigned n) 
    {
       ...
    }

    inline static GenericFactoryPro<DerivedName, AbstractProduct, ProductTypeKey, ArgTypes...>& GetSingletonInstance()
    {
        static GenericFactoryPro<DerivedName, AbstractProduct, ProductTypeKey, ArgTypes...> unique_generic_factory;
        return unique_generic_factory;
    }
};


struct EXPORT_attribute ECClassDefMgr123 : public GenericFactoryPro<ECClassDefMgr123, ECClassDef, ObjectType>
{
    //ECClassDefMgr() = delete;
    //~ECClassDefMgr() = delete;
};

会看到类似这样的导出信息，

10 9 005EDEA8 ?$TSS0@?1??GetSingletonInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@SAAEAV2@XZ@4HA = ?$TSS0@?1??GetSingletonInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@SAAEAV2@XZ@4HA (int `public: static class GenericFactoryPro<struct ECClassDefMgr123,struct ECClassDef,struct ObjectType> & __cdecl GenericFactoryPro<struct ECClassDefMgr123,struct ECClassDef,struct ObjectType>::GetSingletonInstance(void)'::`2'::$TSS0)

18 11 00001E79 ??0?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@IEAA@XZ = @ILT+3700(??0?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@IEAA@XZ)

304 12F 0001203A ??1?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA@XZ = @ILT+69685(??1?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA@XZ)

1224 4C7 000089C7 ?GetKey@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA?AUObjectType@@I@Z = @ILT+31170(?GetKey@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA?AUObjectType@@I@Z)

1262 4ED 0000CDBF ?GetOrderedKeyVec@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA?AV?$vector@UObjectType@@V?$allocator@UObjectType@@@std@@@std@@XZ = @ILT+48570(?GetOrderedKeyVec@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA?AV?$vector@UObjectType@@V?$allocator@UObjectType@@@std@@@std@@XZ)

1308 51B 0000CCD9 ?GetSingletonInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@SAAEAV1@XZ = @ILT+48340(?GetSingletonInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@SAAEAV1@XZ)

1316 523 000106E5 ?GetSize@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAAHXZ = @ILT+63200(?GetSize@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAAHXZ)

1554 611 000059B6 ?NewInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA?AV?$shared_ptr@UECClassDef@@@std@@AEBUObjectType@@@Z = @ILT+18865(?NewInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA?AV?$shared_ptr@UECClassDef@@@std@@AEBUObjectType@@@Z)

1788 6FB 00014623 ?Unregister@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA_NAEBUObjectType@@@Z = @ILT+79390(?Unregister@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@QEAA_NAEBUObjectType@@@Z)

2348 92B 005EDE78 ?unique_generic_factory@?1??GetSingletonInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@SAAEAV2@XZ@4V2@A = ?unique_generic_factory@?1??GetSingletonInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@UECClassDefMgr123@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@SAAEAV2@XZ@4V2@A (class GenericFactoryPro<struct ECClassDefMgr123,struct ECClassDef,struct ObjectType> `public: static class GenericFactoryPro<struct ECClassDefMgr123,struct ECClassDef,struct ObjectType> & __cdecl GenericFactoryPro<struct ECClassDefMgr123,struct ECClassDef,struct ObjectType>::GetSingletonInstance(void)'::`2'::unique_generic_factory)

为什么上面的GenericFactoryPro要加第一个参数呢？

首先，继承自GenericFactoryPro主要是为了生成一个单例，添加的第一个参数并没有用在实际代码中，主要是为了将导出的函数名保持唯一性。如果不唯一的话就会出现有意思的事，见：http://t.csdnimg.cn/BXdie

比如：

A.dll里这样定义：

template <
    typename AbstractProduct, //接口
    typename ProductTypeKey=std::wstring, //key
    typename ...ArgTypes //其他参数
>
class GenericFactory
{
protected:

    GenericFactory() {}
    GenericFactory(const GenericFactory&) = delete; 
    GenericFactory(GenericFactory&&) = delete;
    GenericFactory operator=(const GenericFactory& other) = delete;

public:
    ~GenericFactory() {}

    //具体产品注册类Register。使用内嵌类可明显简化设计
    template <typename ConcreteProduct>
    class Register
    {
    public:
        Register(const ProductTypeKey& key)
        {
            GenericFactory::GetSingletonInstance().m_OrderedKeyVec.push_back(key);
            GenericFactory::GetSingletonInstance().m_mapConFactory.emplace(key, ConcreteProductCreator);
        }
    private:
        inline static AbstractProduct* ConcreteProductCreator(ArgTypes... args)
        {
            ...
        }
    };

    bool Unregister(const ProductTypeKey& conp)
    {
        ...
    }

    std::shared_ptr<AbstractProduct> NewInstance(const ProductTypeKey& conp, ArgTypes... args)
    {
       ...
    }

    std::vector<ProductTypeKey> GetOrderedKeyVec()
    {
        ..
    }


    int GetSize()
    {
        ...
    }

    ProductTypeKey GetKey(unsigned n) 
    {
       ...
    }

    inline static GenericFactory<AbstractProduct, ProductTypeKey, ArgTypes...>& GetSingletonInstance()
    {
        static GenericFactory<AbstractProduct, ProductTypeKey, ArgTypes...> unique_generic_factory;
        return unique_generic_factory;
    }
};

struct EXPORT_attribute ECClassDefMgr123 : public GenericFactory<ECClassDef, ObjectType>
{
    //ECClassDefMgr() = delete;
    //~ECClassDefMgr() = delete;
};

struct EXPORT_attribute ECClassDefMgr456 : public GenericFactoryPro<ECClassDef, ObjectType>
{
    //ECClassDefMgr() = delete;
    //~ECClassDefMgr() = delete;
};

B.dll里这样使用

void fun()
{
    auto& fac1 = ECClassDefMgr123::GetSingletonInstance();
    auto& fac2 = ECClassDefMgr456::GetSingletonInstance();
    if(&fac1==&fac2)
    {
        std::cout<<"wc, 地址相同，它俩指向了同一个单例！";
    }
}

会发现，虽然类名不一样（一个是ECClassDefMgr123，一个是ECClassDefMgr456），但它们最后指向的单例是同一个。因为它们用的是同一个导出的static变量：unique_generic_factory

导出名称类似：

?unique_generic_factory@?1??GetSingletonInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@SAAEAV2@XZ@4V2@A = ?unique_generic_factory@?1??GetSingletonInstance@?$GenericFactoryPro@@UECClassDef@@UObjectType@@$$V@@SAAEAV2@XZ@4V2@A (class GenericFactoryPro<struct ECClassDef,struct ObjectType> `public: static class GenericFactoryPro<struct ECClassDef,struct ObjectType> & __cdecl GenericFactoryPro<struct ECClassDef,struct ObjectType>::GetSingletonInstance(void)'::`2'::unique_generic_factory)