STM32CubeIDE HAL库操作IIC （一）配置篇

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本文深入解析IIC通信的三种方式：轮询、中断和DMA，提供了详细的HAL库函数使用示例，包括错误处理和状态检查。同时，文章还介绍了如何通过IIC总线对从设备的寄存器进行读写操作，适用于SHT21、MPU6050、AT24C02等设备。

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三、IIC通信的三种方式（Polling、IT、DMA）（代码源自官方例程）

1、Polling （常用）

2、IT（开启中断，接收到数据时会调用回调函数）

3、DMA模式（回调函数同中断）

四、对IIC从设备的寄存器操作（适用于SHT21、MPU6050、AT24C02等）

一、MX配置

标准模式，100KHz时钟，7位地址

使能中断（可选）：

DMA设置（可选）：

二、生成的代码

初始化函数

底层初始化

确定了引脚为开漏模式、时钟、DMA以及开启EV中断。

三、IIC通信的三种方式（Polling、IT、DMA）（代码源自官方例程）

1、Polling （常用）

//主机模式发送  
/* Timeout is set to 10S */
  while(HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, (uint16_t)I2C_ADDRESS, (uint8_t*)aTxBuffer, TXBUFFERSIZE, 10000)!= HAL_OK)
  {
    /* Error_Handler() function is called when Timeout error occurs.
       When Acknowledge failure occurs (Slave don't acknowledge its address)
       Master restarts communication */
    if (HAL_I2C_GetError(&hi2c1) != HAL_I2C_ERROR_AF)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }
  }

//主机模式接收
/* Timeout is set to 10S */ 
  while(HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&hi2c1, (uint16_t)I2C_ADDRESS, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE, 10000) != HAL_OK)
  {
    /* Error_Handler() function is called when Timeout error occurs.
       When Acknowledge failure occurs (Slave don't acknowledge it's address)
       Master restarts communication */
    if (HAL_I2C_GetError(&hi2c1) != HAL_I2C_ERROR_AF)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }
  }

//从机模式接收
/* Timeout is set to 10S  */
  if(HAL_I2C_Slave_Receive(&hi2c1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE, 10000) != HAL_OK)
  {
    /* Transfer error in reception process */
    Error_Handler();
  }
  
//从机模式发送
  /* Timeout is set to 10S */
  if(HAL_I2C_Slave_Transmit(&hi2c1, (uint8_t*)aTxBuffer, TXBUFFERSIZE, 10000)!= HAL_OK)
  {
    /* Transfer error in transmission process */
    Error_Handler();    
  }

//错误回调函数
/**
  * @brief  I2C error callbacks.
  * @param  I2cHandle: I2C handle
  * @note   This example shows a simple way to report transfer error, and you can
  *         add your own implementation.
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_I2C_ErrorCallback(I2C_HandleTypeDef *I2cHandle)
{
  //
}

2、IT（开启中断，接收到数据时会调用回调函数）

//主机模式中断发送
/* While the I2C in reception process, user can transmit data through 
    "aTxBuffer" buffer */
    if(HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit_IT(&hi2c1, (uint16_t)I2C_ADDRESS, (uint8_t*)aTxBuffer, TXBUFFERSIZE)!= HAL_OK)
    {
      /* Error_Handler() function is called in case of error. */
      Error_Handler();
    }
/*##-3- Wait for the end of the transfer ###################################*/
while (HAL_I2C_GetState(&hi2c1) != HAL_I2C_STATE_READY)
    {
    }

//主机模式中断接收
if(HAL_I2C_Master_Receive_IT(&hi2c1, (uint16_t)I2C_ADDRESS, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE) != HAL_OK)
    {
      /* Error_Handler() function is called in case of error. */
      Error_Handler();
    }

//主机模式发送回调函数
void HAL_I2C_MasterTxCpltCallback(I2C_HandleTypeDef *I2cHandle)
{
//
}
//主机模式接收回调函数
void HAL_I2C_MasterRxCpltCallback(I2C_HandleTypeDef *I2cHandle)
{
//
}

//从机模式中断接收
 if(HAL_I2C_Slave_Receive_IT(&hi2c1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE) != HAL_OK)
  {
    /* Transfer error in reception process */
    Error_Handler();
  }
  
  /*##-3- Wait for the end of the transfer ###################################*/  
  while (HAL_I2C_GetState(&hi2c1) != HAL_I2C_STATE_READY)
  {
  }

//从机模式中断发送
  /*##-4- Start the transmission process #####################################*/  
  /* While the I2C in reception process, user can transmit data through 
     "aTxBuffer" buffer */
if(HAL_I2C_Slave_Transmit_IT(&hi2c1, (uint8_t*)aTxBuffer, TXBUFFERSIZE)!= HAL_OK)
  {
    /* Transfer error in transmission process */
    Error_Handler();    
  }


//从机模式发送回调函数
void HAL_I2C_SlaveTxCpltCallback(I2C_HandleTypeDef *I2cHandle)
{
//
}
//从机模式接收回调函数
void HAL_I2C_SlaveRxCpltCallback(I2C_HandleTypeDef *I2cHandle)
{
//
}

3、DMA模式（回调函数同中断）

//主机模式DMA发送
while(HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit_DMA(&hi2c1, (uint16_t)I2C_ADDRESS, (uint8_t*)aTxBuffer, TXBUFFERSIZE)!= HAL_OK)
  {
    if (HAL_I2C_GetError(&hi2c1) != HAL_I2C_ERROR_AF)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }
  }
  /*##-3- Wait for the end of the transfer ###################################*/  
  while (HAL_I2C_GetState(&hi2c1) != HAL_I2C_STATE_READY);

//主机模式DMA接收
while(HAL_I2C_Master_Receive_DMA(&hi2c1, (uint16_t)I2C_ADDRESS, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE) != HAL_OK)
  {
    if (HAL_I2C_GetError(&hi2c1) != HAL_I2C_ERROR_AF)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }
  }

//从机模式DMA发送
  if(HAL_I2C_Slave_Receive_DMA(&hi2c1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE) != HAL_OK)
  {

    Error_Handler();
  }
  while (HAL_I2C_GetState(&hi2c1) != HAL_I2C_STATE_READY);
//从机模式DMA接收
  if(HAL_I2C_Slave_Transmit_DMA(&hi2c1, (uint8_t*)aTxBuffer, TXBUFFERSIZE)!= HAL_OK)
  {
    /* Transfer error in transmission process */
    Error_Handler();    
  }
  while (HAL_I2C_GetState(&hi2c1) != HAL_I2C_STATE_READY);

四、对IIC从设备的寄存器操作（适用于SHT21、MPU6050、AT24C02等）

下面对库函数的操作做了一次封装，函数前还可以加上 __STATIC_INLINE

I2C_Addr 器件地址，例如MPU6050为0xd0

reg 寄存器地址，例如陀螺仪配置寄存器 0x1B

data 操作数，例如操作陀螺仪配置寄存器数值0x18，开启满量程

*buf 读取数存储地址指针

uint8_t HALIIC_WriteByteToSlave(uint8_t I2C_Addr,uint8_t reg,uint8_t data)
{
  uint8_t  *pData;
  pData = &data;
  return HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, I2C_Addr, reg, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, pData, 1, 100);
}
uint8_t HALIIC_ReadByteFromSlave(uint8_t I2C_Addr,uint8_t reg,uint8_t *buf)
{
  return HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&hi2c1, I2C_Addr, reg, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, buf, 1, 100);
}

uint8_t HALIIC_ReadMultByteFromSlave(uint8_t dev, uint8_t reg, uint8_t length, uint8_t *data)
{
  return HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&hi2c1, dev, reg, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, data, length, 200);
}
uint8_t HALIIC_WriteMultByteToSlave(uint8_t dev, uint8_t reg, uint8_t length, uint8_t* data)
{
  return HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, dev, reg, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, data, length, 200);
}